A lesser known facet of the Yoga Texts and Freenotes section of the Website is the Romanised Saṃskṛta Core Glossary and Cross Reference Guide. It started life as word by word linked index for the online Yoga Sūtra verses offering a meaning and a cross Sūtra reference resource when exploring related verses.
However as more Yoga Related Texts were added to the online Database it was obvious that the glossary needed to include related terms from other textual sources that matched or correlated with those in the Yoga Sūtra. So the glossary now adds terms from related sources such as the Sāṃkhya Kārikā, the Bhagavad Gītā, the Gītārtha Saṃgraha and Haṭha Yoga Texts, though inevitably these will expand even further over time.
The core word is shown in Romanised Saṃskṛta and Devanāgarī script, along with a suggested translation or translations where it may have several meanings within different contexts. This is complemented by cross referencing Similar and Opposite Words, Related Concepts and Collected Commentaries, all drawn together as themes around the Core Word, from the many posts around these topics on the Yoga Journal section of the website. This will hopefully help the reader navigate and utilise the ever increasing number of resources.
abhāva - non-appearance, non-existence, absence, nullityabhaya - unfearful; undaunted; free from fear or danger, secure, safeabhi - to, towards, into, over, upon; it expresses the notion or going towards, approaching;abhibhava - disappearanceabhidharma - the teachings of Buddhist philosophy or metaphysicsabhighāta - infliction of injury, damageabhighātaka - counteracting, removingabhihāra - mingling togetherabhijātasya - preciousabhimāna - high opinion of one's self, self-conceit, pride, haughtiness; conception (especially an erroneous one regarding one's self)abhimata - appropriate; longed for, wished, desiredabhiniveśa - tenacity; the will to stay alive, self preservation; desire for continuity; instinctive urge to survive; survival instinct, clinging to life, fear of death; devotion, attachment, intentness, being occupied withabhivyakti - manifestation; distinctionabhyaṅga - rubbing with unctuous substances, inunctionābhyantara - internal, being inside, interior, innerabhyāsa - practice; the effort of the mind to remain in its unmodified condition of purity ; repeated or permanent exercise, discipline, use, habit, custom;ācamana - sipping water from the palm of the hand for purification; the water used for that ceremonyācārya - preceptor, spiritual teacheracetana - without consciousness, inanimate; unconscious, insensible, senselessādāna - taking, seizing;ādara - enthusiasm; to exert or interest one's self forādarśa - seeing; the act of perceiving by the eyes; a looking-glass, mirrorādau - from the first or beginning, at firstaddhā - certainly, truly; in this wayadhama - lowestādhāra - support, prop; that which contains; the power of sustaining, or the support given; dike, damadharma - unrighteousness; injustice; irreligion; what is not right or natural; or not in accordance to śāstrasadhas - below, downādhi - beginning from; initial; and so onadhi - a prefix to verbs and nouns, expresses above, over and above, besides; over, upon, concerning; from the presence ofādhibhautika - belonging or relating to created beings; elementary, derived or produced from the primitive elements, materialādhidaivika - relating to or proceeding from gods or from spirits; proceeding from the influence of the atmosphere or planets, proceeding from divine or supernatural agenciesadhigama - the act of attaining, acquisition; acquirement, mastery, study, knowledge; realised; attainedadhimātra - excessive; above measure; extremeadhirohiṇī - rising above, ascending; a ladder, flight of stepsadhiṣṭhāna - standing by, being at hand, approach; standing or resting upon; government, authority, poweradhiṣṭhātṛ - superintending, presiding, governing, tutelary; a ruler; the supreme ruler; a protectoradhiṣṭhātṛtva - omnipotenceadho mukha śvānāsana - downward facing dog poseadhomukha - having the face downwards; proneadhvan - a road, way, orbitadhyāsā - overlappingadhyātma - inner essence; the supreme spirit; own, belonging to self; concerning self or individual personalityadhyātmika - concerning the essence; relating to the soul or the supreme spiritādhyātmika - proceeding from bodily and mental causes within one's selfadhyavasāya - mental effort, apprehension; determination to begin an activity with a view to get the fruitadhyāya - a lesson; lecture; chapter; reading; proper time for reading or for a lessonadhyayanam - also going over, recitation, repetition; reading, studying, especially the vedasādi - in the beginning, at first; beginning, commencement; a firstling, first-fruits; beginning with, and so on; and the restādi - beginning, commencement; a firstling, first-fruits; beginning with, et caetera, and so on; the gods beginning with Indraāditya - name of seven deities of the heavenly sphere; name of a god in general, especially of sūryaadṛṣta - unseenadvaita - not two, non-dualismādya - first, being at the beginningāgama - testimony; anything handed down and fixed by traditionagastya - name of a sage; name of Śivaagastya - name of a sageāgata - come from; come, arrived; come into existence, bornagni - fire, sacrificial fire; the god of fire; the fire of the stomach, digestive faculty, gastric fluidagrya - pointedness; intent, closely attentiveaguṇa - destitute of qualities or attributesaham - I; I amahaṃkāra - individuation; conception of individuality; the making of selfāhāra - eating; taking foodāharaṇa - causing, inducingahiṃsā - non-harming; harmlessness; not injuring anything; less harmingāhuḥ - it is said; is calledaikāntika - absolute, necessary, complete, exclusiveaiśvara - relating to or coming from a mighty lord or king, mighty powerful, majestic;aiśvarya - the state of being a mighty lord, sovereignty, supremacy, power, sway; superhuman power (either perpetual or transient, consisting, according to some, of the following eight: aṇiman, laghiman, mahiman, prāpti, prākāmya, vaśitva, īśitva, kāmāvasāyitva)ajānata - being ignorant; by a person without knowledge; not knowing; those who are unaware ofajapā - unpronounced; the Mantra or formula called Haṃsa (which consists only of a number of inhalations and exhalations).ājñā - commandajñāna - ignoranceajñāni - one who doesn't know; one who thinks they knowajñasya - insentient; inanimateajñāta - not knownakalpitā - non-imaginaryākāra - form, figure, shape, stature, appearance, external gesture or aspect of the body, expression of the faceakaraṇa - not making, effectingakarman - other than work; not working; not performing good works, wicked; inefficient; improper work, crime; absence of work;ākarṇa - up to earakartṛ - not an agentākāśa - space; ether; subtle and ethereal fluid; sky, atmosphereākhyā - to tell, communicate, inform, declare, announce; appellation, name; to cause to tellākhyāta - recited, said, told, declared, made knownakliṣṭa - not afflicted, tormented, distressed; untroubled, undisturbed, unweariedakrama - non-sequential; not happening successively, happening at onceakriyā - inactivity; without works; abstaining from religious rites; epithet of Godakṛṣṇa - not blackakṣara - imperishable; a letter; a syllable; the syllable om; name of Brahmaākṣepīn - transcendsākula - confused, perplexedākuñcana - bending; contracting; drawing up, in; closing upakurvata - did they doakusīda - disinterested in gaining; taking no interest or usury, without gainākūta - incitement to activity; intention, purpose, wishalabdha - non-attainment, unobtainedālamba - that on which one rests or leans, support, prop; depending on or fromālambana - supporting, resting onālasya - laziness; idleness; sloth; lethargy; exhaustionaliṅga - unmanifestālocana - seeing, perceiving; considering, reflecting, reflection,āloka - light, lustre, splendour; sight, aspect, visionalpa - littleāma - uncooked; unbaked, unannealed; undigested; unripe, immature; constipation, passing hard and unhealthy excretions;amanas - without perception or intellectamanaska - without perception or intellect; no mindamṛtam - nectar; immortality; Exempt from death; undying, immortalamūrti - shapelessness, absence of shape or form; formless; name of Viṣṇuan - to live; to breathe, respire, gasp; to move, goāna - exhaling the breath through the nose; inhalation, breath inspired, breathing, blowinganabhighāta - not troubledanāditva - beginninglessnessanāgata - not yet come, not come, not arrivedanāhata - unstuck, produced otherwise than by beatingānanda - happiness, joy, enjoyment, sensual pleasure; the thing wished forānandamaya - consisting of blissananta - endless, boundless, eternal, infinite; the first serpentānantarya - immediate sequence or succession; proximity, absence of intervalānantya - due to endlessnessānāpānasmṛti - mindfulness of breathing; recollection of breathing; recollection of inhalation and exhalationanāśaya - without seeds, depositsanaṣṭa - not disappearedanāstika - heterodoxanātman - other than essenceanavaccheda - not separated; indistinctnessanavacchinnā - not boundanavadhāraṇa - not ascertainedanavasthita - losing stability, instability; unsettled, unsteady,andha - blind; dark; turbid water, waterandhatāmisra - utter darkness; complete darkness of the soulāndolita - agitated, shaken, swung; a type of Prāṇāyāma performed in Yogamudrāaneka - other; not one, many, muchanekāntavāda - scepticism; no one argumentaṅga - a limb; the bodyaṅgula - a finger; the thumb; a finger's breadth, a measure equal to eight barley-corns, twelve aṅgulas making a vitasti or span, and twenty-four a hasta or cubit; a digit, or twelfth partaṅguṣṭha - the great toe; a thumb's breadth, usually regarded as equal to an aṅgulaaṇiman - minuteness, fine- ness, thinness; atomic nature; the superhuman power of becoming as small as an atomaniṣṭa - unwanted, undesirable, unfavourableanitya - transitoryañjali - the open hands placed side by side and slightly hollowed, reverence, salutation, benediction; a measure of corn, sufficient to fill both hands when placed side by sideañjanatā - assume the colour of an objectaṅkuśa - a hook, especially an elephant-driver's hook; to have control overannam - food or victuals, especially boiled riceannamaya - consisting of foodanta - end (from ... to)antaḥ karana - the seat of thought and feeling; inner organ; inner functions; inner instrument; the fourfold seat of the buddhi or intellect, the ahaṃkāra or I-maker, the manas or sensory gatekeeper and citta the container or storehouse of memoriesantar - internalantar kumbhaka - internal retentionantara - other; different; another; being in the interior, interiorantaraṅga - interior, proximate, related, being essential to, or having reference to the essential part of the aṅga or base of a word; any interior part of the bodyantarāya - intervention, obstacleantarbhava - being within, inward, internal, generated internallyantardhāna - disappearanceantaryāmin - soul; all-pervading spirit; heart-searching; inner controller; inner guide, regulatorantevāsin - dwelling near the boundaries, dwelling close by; a pupil who dwells near or in the house of his teacherantima - immediately following; final, ultimate, lastaṇu - minuteanu - follow, one after another, followinganubhāvana - following cultivationanubhūta - experience, experienced; perceived, understood, apprehended; resulted, followed as a consequenceanubhūti - perception; knowledge from any source but memory; knowledge gained by means of the four pramāṇa; dignity, consequenceanudātta - low pitch, grave accent; one of the three accents to be observed in reading the veda; not raised, not elevatedanugama - followsanuguṇa - having similar qualitiesanukamp - to sympathize with; compassionateanukāra - imitation, resemblanceanuloma - with the grainanuloma krama - with the grain sequenceanuloma ujjāyī - with the grain upwards victoryanumāna - inference; the act of inferring or drawing a conclusionanumodita - pleased, delighted, applauded; agreeable, acceptableanupakārin - not assisting, disobliging, ungrateful, not making a return for benefits receivedanupalabdhi - non-recognition, non-perceptionanupāna - a fluid vehicle in medicine; drink taken with or after medicine; drink after eatinganupaśya - apperceive; one who sees; perceiving; seeing; observesanupātin - following; corresponds to; following as a consequence or resultanuśayin - following upon, connected with as a consequenceanuṣṭhāna - doing; performance; practice; execution; to live with and put the teachings into practiceanuttama - unsurpassed, incomparably the best or chief, excellentanvaya - connectionanya - the other; other than, different from, opposed to; other, different; another, another person; one of a numberanyatā - differenceanyathā - otherwise, in a different manneranyatva - anotheranyonya - one another, mutualāp - water elementapa - down; away, offāpad - to bring into trouble or misfortuneapāna - downward airapānāsana - downward air postureaparā - posterior, later, latter; the exoteric Vedānta doctrineaparāmṛṣṭa - untouched; not touched by or come into contact withaparānta - ultimate end, deathaparigraha - non-grasping; less grasping; not grasping all around; non-possessiveness; non-covetousnessapariṇāma - unchangeableness; non-transformativeapariśeṣa - not leaving a remainder, all-surrounding, all-enclosingapārtha - without any object, useless, unprofitable, worthlessapārthaka - uselessāpastamba - a renowned sage and writer on ritual; especially the Dharmasūtraāpat - to hasten towards, rush in or on; to appear, appear suddenlyāpatkāla - season or time of distress; days of adversity, hour of danger; emergencyāpatti - happening, occurring; entering into a state or condition, entering into relationship with, changing intoapavarga - completion, end; the emancipation of the soul from bodily existence, exemption from further transmigrationapekṣā - looking round or about; interest, anticipation, looking for, expectation, hope, need, requirementapeta - removed off; gone away, departed; disappeared; free fromapi - even, also, although; very; something more; moreoverapramāṇaka - not perceivableaprāpta - unobtained; unarrived; not accomplished; not yet full-grown; not resultingapratisaṃkrama - non-changing; having no intermixtureaprayojaka - not the initiator; not causing or effecting, aimlessaprīti - dislike, aversion, enmityāpta - a credible or authoritative personapuṇya - non-meritorious; wicked; unvirtuousāpūra - filling up, making full; flow; flood, flooding, excess, abundanceārambha - undertaking, beginning; a thing begun; beginning, origin, commencementāraṇyaka - forest, wild, forest-born, produced in a forest; a class of religious and philosophical writings either composed in forests or studied thereardha - half; one part of twoardha matsyendrāsana - half lord of fish postureariṣṭa - portents, omenarjuna - name of the third of the Pāṇḍava princes (who was a son of Indra and Kuntī); white, clear; the white colourāroḍhum - to ascendaroga - free from disease, healthy, wellārogya - absence of illness; freedom from illness; good health; healthyarogya - healthyāropya - to be placed or fixed in or on; to be attributed, interposed, supplied; having made to ascend or mountartha - purpose, aim; sense, meaning, notion; thing, object; acquirement of wealth; to go to one's business, take up one's workarthatā - objectsarthavattva - significance, importancearthin - one who wants or desires anything; supplicating or entreating any one; one who supplicates with prayersāryā - type of verse metreārya - honourable, respectable, nobleās - to sit, sit down; to be present; abide, remainas - to be, live, exist, be present; to take place, happen; to abide, dwell, stay; to belong toasakta - free from ties, independent; unattached or indifferent toaśakti - inability, incapabilityasāmānya - not common, specialasaṃkhyeya - innumerable; an innumerable multitudeasaṃkīrṇa - unblended; unmixedasaṃprajñāta - that which is without discursive cognition; unconscious; not well discerned, or distinguishedasaṃpramoṣa - retention; ‘the not allowing to be carried off’; not letting drop (as from memory)asaṃprayoga - disengagementasaṃsarga - non-associationasaṃśaya - absence of doubt, certaintyāsana - particular posture; sitting, sitting down; seat, place, stool; abiding, dwellingasaṅga - non-association, non-attachment, non-inclination; having no attachment or inclination for or interest in; free from ties, independent; moving without obstacle;āsanna - nearness, vicinity, proximityaśāstra - not prescribed in the Śāstras, unscripturalasat - unreal; wrongāśaya - seed, deposit; resting place; ‘stock’ or ‘the balance of the fruits of previous works, which lie stored up in the mind in the form of mental deposits of merit or demeritaśeṣatā - totality; in full; without remainderāsevita - constant attending to, visiting, following, serving; practised assiduouslyasi - art; areasiddha - not existing or not having taken effect; imperfect, incomplete, unaccomplished, uneffectedasinā - swordāśis - will to live; desire for self-welfare; primordial desire; prayer, wish, asking for; blessing for, benedictionasmāt - from thisasmi - I amasmitā - egoity; the sense of 'I' am-nessāśrama - life stages; a hermitageāśraya - relation of dependence; correspondence; that to which anything is annexed, or with which anything is closely connected, or on which anything depends or rests; substratum, place of residenceāśrayatva - correspondsāśrita - subject to, depending onaṣṭa - eightaṣṭādaśa - eighteenaṣṭama - the eighth; the eighth partasthāna - no place, a place where there is no firm footing, a bad or wrong placeaṣṭāṅga - eight limbsaṣṭāṅga yoga - yoga system consisting of eight parts; eight auxiliaries of yogaaṣṭasiddhi - the eight accomplishments; eight attainments; eight superhuman powersaṣṭavidha - eight fold; of eight kindsaṣṭāviṁśati - twenty-eightasteya - not practicing stealing; non-stealing; less stealingasti - exists, existent, presentāstika - orthodoxaṣṭottaraśata - one hundred and eightastu - let it be, be it so; there must be or should beaśuci - impureaśuddhi - impurityaśukla - not whiteāsura - demonicāsurī - sage in sāṃkhya doctrineāsvāda - tasting; eating with a relish; flavour, tasteasvastha - not in good health, sick, feeling uneasy; not being firm in itselfaśvin - the first month of the “autumn season” in the traditional Indian calendaraśvinī - horseasya - hisataḥ - therefore, thus, consequently, henceatat - not thatatha - now, 'now' (begins); an auspicious and inceptive particle; A particle used at the beginning (of works) mostly as a sign of auspiciousnessatharva veda - name of the fourth veda and is a late addition to the Vedic scriptures; knowledge storehouse of atharvāṇa, the procedures for everyday lifeatharvāṇa - the atharva veda or the ritual of itati - passing, going, beyond; excessively, too, exceedingly, veryatidūra - a great distance, very distantatiprasaṅga - infinite coming togetheratīndriya - Beyond the cognizance (reach) of the sensesatiśaya - excess, excessive; eminence, superiorityātiṣṭha - superiority; to excel; be overatīta - gone by, past, passed away, dead; the pastatiyoga - excessive union, excessātmabhāva - the self, proper or peculiar nature; existence of the soulātmaka - taking the role of our essenceātmaka - belonging to or forming the nature of; consisting or composed ofātman - essence; the highest personal principle of life; the individual soul, selfātmatā - nature; essenceatra - in this place, here at this time, there, thenatyanta - absolutely, completely, to the end; endless, unbroken, perpetual; permanencyautsukya - anxiety, desire, longing for, regretavadhāna - attention, attentiveness, intentnessavadhāraṇa - ascertainment, affirmation, emphasis; stating or holding with positiveness or assurance; accurate determination, limitation (of the sense of words), restriction to a certain instance or instances with exclusion of any otheravagāhate - to be absorbed, absorbsavalokana - seeing, beholding, viewing, observingavāpti - obtaining, gettingāvaraṇa - covering, hiding, concealing; shutting, enclosing; an obstruction, interruptionavaśiṣyate - remains to be done; is leftavasthā - state; to abide in a state or condition; to be found, exist, be present; to take one's stand, remain standing;avasthāna - abiding, residing, dwelling; standing, taking up one's place; situation, conditionavatāra - descended from the heaven; appearance of any deity upon earth; any new and unexpected appearanceavataraṇa - descending, alighting; rushing along, sudden disappearance; crossing; translatingāveśa - enteringavibhāga - no separation, no distinction betweenavidyā - illusion; spiritual ignorance; connate misidentificationavighāta - no hindrance or obstacle; unimpededavikṛti - unchanged; being in its natural condition; not developedavinivṛtti - absence of destructionaviparyaya - without mistake or misapprehension, without any doubtaviplava - unwavering; uninterrupted; uncorrupted, chasteavirati - over-indulgence, intemperance; incontinenceaviṣayī - not objectaviśeṣa - indistinct, without any difference, uniformaviśuddhi - Impurityaviveka - absence of judgement or discrimination; non-separation, non-distinctionāvṛtti - revolving, going round; recurrence to the same point; repetitionavyakta - undeveloped, not manifest, unapparent, indistinct, invisible, imperceptibleavyapadeśya - undeterminedavyāpi - not pervading, not comprehensive, the thing which never remains everywhereāyāma - stretching, extending; restraining, restrainedayugapad - not at once, not simultaneously; not all together, graduallyāyurveda - sacred lore of longevityāyus - span of life; life, vital power, vigour, health, duration of life, long life; active power, efficacy; the totality of living beingsback to topbaddha - bound, tied, fixed, fastened, chained, fettered; captured, imprisoned, caught, confined; bound by the fetters of existencebaddha koṇāsana - bound angle posturebadh - to oppress; to harassbādhana - oppressing, harassingbadhnāti - it bindsbadhyate - boundbahis - externalbahu - much, many, frequent, abundant, numerous, great or considerable in quantity; much, very, abundantly, greatly, in a high degree, frequently, often, mostlybahudhā - in many ways or parts or forms or directions, variously, manifoldly, much, repeatedlybahuguṇa - many-threaded; manifold, multifarious, much; having many good qualities or virtuesbahumata - having many different opinions; much thought of, highly esteemed, valuedbahutva - muchness, abundance, multitude; plurality, majoritybāhya - external; being outside, situated without, outer, exterior; diverging from, conflicting with, opposed to, having nothing to do with; not belonging to the family or country, strange, foreign; excluded from caste or the community, an out-castebāhya kumbhaka - external retentionbāhyāṅga - external limbsbaka - a kind of cranebakāsana - Crane Posebala - strength, might, force; force or power of articulationbandh - to bind, tie, fix, fasten, chain, fetterbandha - fixing, directing; binding, tying, a bond, tie, chain, fetterbandhana - binding, tying, fettering; captivating; catching, capturing, confining, detention, custody, imprisonment or a prison; mundane bondagebasti - bladderbha - light or a beam of lamp, lustre, splendourbhadra - auspiciousbhagavad gītā - Kṛṣṇa's song a celebrated mystical poem containing a dialogue between Kṛṣṇa and Arjuna, in which the Pantheism of the Vedânta is combined with a tinge of the Sāṃkhya and the later principle of Bhakti or devotion to Kṛṣṇa as the Supreme Beingbhagavat - divinebhāgya - fate, destiny, fortune, good fortune, luckbhaj - to serve, honour, revere, love, adore; to pursue, practise, cultivate; to divide, distribute, allot or apportionbhakta - a worshipper, votary; engaged in, occupied with, attached or devoted to, loyal, faithful, honouring, worshipping, serving; served, worshipped; distributed, assigned, allottedbhakti - attachment, devotion; fondness for, devotion to, trust, homage, worship, piety, faith or love or devotion (as a religious principle or means of salvation)bhakti yoga - yoga of devotion; devoted attachment, loving devotionbhara - bearing, carrying, bringingbhārata - India, the country of Bhārata; a descendant of Bharata; a legendary monarch of India whose descendants are the principal characters in the Mahabhāratabhās - to shine, be bright; to appearbhāsa - luminosity, light, lustre, brightnessbhastrikā - bellows; a little bagbhāṣya - an explanatory work, exposition, explanation, commentarybhautika - anything elemental or material, formed of coarse elements; belonging to created or living beingsbhava - re-emerge; coming into existence; birth; productionbhāva - becoming, being, existing, occurring, appearance; manner of being, nature, temperament, character; any state of mind or body, way of thinking or feeling, sentiment, opinion, disposition, intentionbhāvābhāva - existence and non-existencebhāvana - cultivation; imagining, fancying; forming in the mind; to occupy one's imagination with, conceptionbhāvanā - reflection, contemplation; direct one's thoughts to; feeling of devotion, faith inbhaya - fear, alarm, dread, apprehensionbheda - dividing, breaking, splitting, cleaving, rending, tearing, piercing; distinction, difference, kind, sort, species, variety; separation, division, partition, part, portionbhedana - breaking, cleaving, splitting, rending, piercing, dividing, separating; causing to flow, giving free coursebheka - frogbhī - to fear, be afraidbhid - to split, cleave, break, cut or rend asunder, pierce, destroybhīṣma - name of a son of Śāṃtanu and Gaṅgā; terrible, dreadfulbhogā - worldly experience; enjoyment, eating, feeding onbhoja - a king with uncommon qualitiesbhoktṛ - one who enjoys or eats, enjoyer, eater, experiencer, feeler, suffererbhrama - turning round, revolving, rotationbhrāmarī - relating to a bee; a type of kumbhakabhrānti - fallacious, false opinion; perplexitybhrānta - perplexed, confused, being in doubt or errorbhrūmadhya - the interval between the eyebrowsbhū - to become, be, arise, come into beingbhuj - bend, curvebhuja - the arm; a bending, curve, coilbhujaṅga - a serpent, a snakebhujaṅgāsana - cobra posebhūmi - step, degree, stage; ground; floor of a house; foundation; a place, situationbhūmikatva - of a step, degree, stage; a place, situationbhūta - material element, one of the 5 elements; that which is or exists, any living being; being or being like anything, consisting of, mixed or joined withbhūtatvā - elementalism; being-nessbhuvana - world, earth; a being, living creature, man, mankind; place of being, abode, residence; causing to existbhūyas - still more, moreover, besides, further onbīja - seedbimba - an image, shadow, reflectionbodhisattva - ‘one whose essence is perfect knowledge’, one who is on the way to the attainment of perfect knowledgebrahma - the one self-existent spirit, the absolute; name of one of the principal hindu deities; referred to as the creator within the triple deity of supreme divinitybrahma sūtra - An aphoristic text attributed to Bādarāyaṇa, but drawing on earlier material, which attempts to synthesize the teachings of the Upaniṣadbrahmacarya - study of the Veda; the state of an unmarried religious student, a life stage; conservation; state of continence and chastitybrahman - growth, expansion, evolution, development, swelling of the spirit or soul; pious effusion or utterance, outpouring of the heart in worshipping the gods, prayer; the class of men who are the repositories and communicators of sacred knowledgebrāhmaṇa - brahmanical explanation of rules or directions for rites; the brāhmaṇa portion of the Vedabrahmānanda - name of commentator on the haṭhapradīpikābrahmarandhra - ‘Brahmă's crevice’, a suture or aperture in the crown of the head (through which the soul is said to escape on death),brahmāsana - posture suited to religious meditation; the seat of the chief priestbṛha - to grow, to increase, expandbṛṃhaṇa - building; a means for making strong or firm; making big or fat or strong, the act of making big; nourishingbrūhi - to say, speak, inform, tell; to speak tobubhukṣu - desirous of worldly enjoyment; wishing to eat, hungrybuddha - awakened, awake; a wise or learned man, sage; conscious, intelligent, clever, wise;buddhi - the intellectual faculty; comprehension; intelligence, discernment, judgementbudh - to wake, wake up, be awake; to know to be, recognize asback to topca - andcakra - a circle; a mystical circle or diagram; a circle or depression of the body; a potter's wheel; a discus or sharp circular missile weaponcakravākāsana - goose posecakṣus - sense of seeing; eyecala - agitation. disturbed, unsteadycalana - motion, action, function; moving on feet; shaking motion, shaking, tremblingcandra - the moon; a spot similar to the moon; water; glittering, shining; having the brilliancy or hue of light; a lovely or agreeable phenomenon of any kindcandra bhedana - moon piercingcāpalya - agitation, fickleness, unsteadinesscar - to move or travel through, pervade, go alongcaraka - name of a Muni and physician; a wanderer, wandering religious studentcaraka saṃhitā - Compendium of Carakacaraṇa - ‘the feet of’; the venerable; a pillar, support;carati - moves; to walk, to move aboutcarita - gone, gone to, attained; practised; acting, doing, practicecatur - fourcaturaṅga daṇḍasana - four limb staff posturecaturdhā - in four parts, fourfoldcaturtha - fourth; the fourth; constituting the 4th partcaturvyūha - having four kinds of appearance; four fold arrangementcatuṣṭaya - a set of 4, quaternioncet - if socetanā - soul, mind; consciousness, understanding, sense, intelligence; percipient, conscious, sentient, intelligentcetas - consciousness, intelligence, the sentient or thinking soul, heart, mind, intellect, the faculty of reasoning or understanding; willchāndogya - doctrine of the Chāndogya Brāhmaṇa of the Sāmavedachāyā - shadowchidra - containing holes, pierced; leaky; defect, fault, blemish, imperfection, infirmity, weak point, foible; in the breakschittvā - after cutting to pieceschṛd - to utter, leave; to spew, vomit, eject; to cause to flow overcikitsā - therapeutics; medical treatmentcintya - to be thought about or imagined; to be considered or reflected or meditated uponcit - awareness, consciousness; to be aware of; to cause to comprehend, to observe; perceive; to understand, knowcitra - variegated, spotted, speckledcitta - psyche (the totality of the human mind, conscious and unconscious); mind; heartcodita - Put forward as an argument; Incited, prompted, inspired; informed, apprisedback to topdaiva - divinedakṣiṇa - right, from or on the right side; southern as being on the right side of a person looking eastward; straightforward, candid, sincere, pleasing, compliant; fee, gift or donation to the teacherdāna - the act of giving; to offer a gift, donation, gift; giving up; communicating, imparting, teachingdaṇḍa - stick, staff, rod, poledaṇḍāsana - staff posedantya - being on the teeth; suitable to the teethdarpaṇa - a looking-glass, mirrordarśana - view, doctrine, philosophical system; seeing, observing, looking, noticing, observation, perception; exhibiting, teaching; inspection, examinationdarśayitvā - Having shown, having made manifestdarśin - one who has seen; seeing, looking at, observing, examining, finding; knowing, understandingdaśa - tendaśadhā - tenfold, in ten partsdaśamī - the tenthdaśavidha - of ten kinds; tenfolddatta - given, granted, presented; protecteddaurmanasya - negative thinking; dejectedness; melancholy, despairdvārāṇi - the doors of the bodydāyaka - giving, granting, bestowingdeha - the bodydeśa - place, point, region, spotdeva - heavenly, divine; a deity, goddevadatta - of one of the vital airs (which is exhaled in yawning); name of Arjuna's conch-shelldevanāgarī - divine city scriptdevatā - image of a deity; idol; godhead, divinitydevavāṇī - a divine voice; language of the godsdevī - a female deity, goddessdhā - putting, placingdhā - putdhana - wealth, riches, property, money, treasuredhana - the prize of a contest or the contest itself; any valued object, wealth, riches, property, money, treasure, giftdhanaṃjaya - one of the five vital airs (that which is supposed to fatten); name of Arjuna as in conquerer of wealthdhanurāsana - bow posedhāraṇā - retaining, keeping back; fixation; collection or concentration of the mind; to exercise concentration; the act of holding, bearing, wearing, supporting, maintaining;dharma - essential qualities, according to the nature of anything; highest duty; customary observance or prescribed conduct; discharge of dutydharmīn - substratumdhārya - to be kept (also in the memory), to be upheld or maintaineddhatte - offersdhātu - element of words (grammatical or verbal root or stem); primary element of the earth (metal, mineral); constituent part, ingredient; a constituent element or essential ingredient of the bodydhauti - the act of washingdhī - understanding, intelligence, wisdom; to perceive, think, reflect; religious thought, reflection, meditation, devotion, prayerdhi - hold, have, possessdhiyā - intelligence; spirit, courage, boldness, braverydhṛ - to hold, bear (also bring forth), carry, maintain, preserve, keep, possess, have, use, employ, practise, undergodhṛta - held, borne, maintained, supported, kept, possessed; continuing, existing, being;dhṛtarāṣṭra - a Kuru king, and the father of the Kauravas in the Mahabharatadhruva - pole stardhvānta - darkness, night; covered, veiled, darkdhyai - meditate; contemplate; think ofdhyai - to think of, imagine, contemplate, meditate on, call to mind, recollect; to be thoughtful or meditativedhyāna - meditation, thought, reflection; visualisation; mental representation of the personal attributes of a deity; profound and abstract religious meditationdhyāta - that which meditatesdhyāya - meditating ondhyeya - to be meditated ondīkṣā - any serious preparation; preparation or consecration for a religious ceremony, undertaking religious observances for a particular purpose and the observances themselves; dedication, initiationdinacaryā - daily-work; daily-routinedīp - to blaze, flare, shine, be luminous or illustrious; glow, burn; illuminate, make illustriousdīpa - light, lamp, lanterndīpti - illuminates; brightness, light, splendour, beautydīrgha - length, long, for a long time; a long voweldīrghīkṛ - to lengthen, prolongdiś - quarter or region pointed at, direction, cardinal point;divya - divinedoṣa - affection, defect, fault, biological humoursdrā - to sleepdraṣṭṛ - seer; one who sees, one who sees welldravya - a substance, thing, object; the ingredients or materials of anything; medicinal substance or drugdṛḍha - firm; soliddṛś - to see, behold, look at, regard, considerdṛśi - seeing; the power of seeingdṛṣṭa - seen, looked at, beheld, perceived, viewed, observed, noticed; visible, apparent, observable; considered, regarded; treated of; appearing, manifested; occurring, found; experienced, suffered, endured; seen in the mind, devised, imagined, learned,dṛṣṭi - seeing, viewing; seeing with the mental eye; knowing; sight, the faculty of seeing; the eye, look, the sight of the eye, the pupildṛśya - the seen; to be seen, visibledṛśyatva - the quality of the seen; visibility, vision, sightduḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrowful, uneasiness, trouble, difficultydurgā - invincible, impassable, unassailable; fortress, citadel stronghold; a difficult or narrow passage, a place difficult of access; the inaccessible or terrific goddessdurnigraha - difficult to be restrained or conquereddus - a prefix to nouns; implying evil, bad, difficult, hard; badly, hardly; slight, inferiorduṣ - to become bad or corrupted, to be defiled or impure, to be ruined, perish; to commit a fault, be wrongduṣkṛta - badly arranged or organized or applieddvādaśa - twelve; the twelfthdvaita - duality, dualismdvaṃdva - pair of oppositesdvārin - doorkeeperdveṣa - aversion; hatred; animosity; dislike; repugnance; to show enmity againstdvi - twodvi pāda pīṭham - two foot supportdvidha - twofold, divided in 2, split asunder, forkeddvitīya - for the second time; forming the 2nd part or half of anythingback to topej - to stir, move, tremble, shake; to agitate, shakeejayatva - causing to shake or tremble; quality of unsteadinesseka - one; alone, solitary, single, happening only once, that one onlyekādaśa - consisting of eleven; the eleventhekāgra - one-pointed; having one point; fixing one's attention upon one point or objectekāgratā - intentness in the pursuit of one object; close and undisturbed attentionekānta - solely, only, exclusively; absoluteness, certaintyekatānatā - continuityekatra - in the same placeekatvā - uniquenessekavidha - of one kindena - this, thateṣām - of these; of themeṣa - whichetad - this, this here, here; sometimes used to give emphasis to the personal pronouns; it refers also to that which followsetayā - by thisete - these; theyetena - by thiseva - indeed, truly, really; thus; so, just so, exactly soback to topgamana - travel; going, moving, gait; obtaining, attaininggaṇa - a number; a flock, troop, multitude, number, tribe, series, classgaṇapati - the leader of a class or troop or assemblagegaṇḍa - the cheek, side of the facegandha - odour; smellgaṇeśa - the god of wisdom and of obstacles; though Gaṇeśa causes obstacles he also removes them; hence he is invoked at the commencement of all undertakings and at the opening of all compositionsgarbha - wombgārhapatya - the place where that sacred fire is kept; a sacred fire, perpetually maintained by a householdergati - going, moving, gait, deportment, motion in generalgāyatrī - chant metre; a hymn composed in the gāyatrī metre; an ancient metre of twenty-four syllables;ghana - a particular method of reciting the ṛgveda and yajurvedaghāta - injuring, hurtinggheraṇḍa - name of a teachergheraṇḍa saṃhitā - collection or proceeding from a teacher named gheraṇḍaghorā - unsteady, displeasing; frightful, terrible, violent, vehementghrāṇa - sense of smelling; noseghṛta - ghee; clarified buttergītā - a name given to certain sacred writings in verse as expositions of particular religious and theosophical doctrines; songgītārtha - sacred verses meaning; an ascetic who has (sung i.e.) finished his studiesgītārtha saṃgraha - a commentary on the Bhagavad Gītā by Yāmunācāryagocara - within the range, within the view of; accessible, attainable; something that is perceptible can only just be seen or noticedgodha - iguana; lizardgrah - to seize, take, catch hold of, lay hold of, catch, grasp; a single thread or strand of a cord or twinegraha - grasp, seizing, laying hold of, holding; a planetgrahaṇa - the process of grasping; seizing, holding, taking, catching, seizure; taking by the handgṛhastha - standing in the home; living or staying in any one's house; householder; a life stagegrahītṛ - that which is grasping; one who takes or seizes; accepter, receiver, purchaser; perceiver, perceiving, observantgrāhya - that which is grasped; to be seized or taken or held; to be clasped or spanned; to be captured or imprisoned; to be carried away; to be picked or gathered, acceptable; to be received, accepted, gained; to be perceived, observegranthi - knotguṇa - an ingredient or constituent or attribute of nature; a property or characteristic of all created things; qualities; a quality, peculiarity, attribute or property; the peculiar properties of the lettersguṇavat - endowed with the qualities or attributesguru - heavy, weighty; a teacher, preceptor; a spiritual parent or preceptor; any venerable or respectable personguhya - mystery; to be covered or concealed or hidden or kept secret, concealable, private, secret, mysterious, mysticalback to tophalāsana - plough posturehaṃsa - a kind of mantra; a goose, gander, swan, flamingo; the 'vehicle' of the goddess Sarasvatīhāna - the act of abandoning, relinquishing, giving up, escaping, getting rid of; gone or departed; cessationhārya - to be borne or carriedhasta - the hand, the position of the hand; the fore-armhasti - elephanthaṭha - force, forceful; by force, forciblyhaṭha pradīpikā - special light or lamp on hatha yogahaṭha yoga - the yoga of forcehetu - cause, cause of; motive; reason forhetumat - having a reason or cause, proceeding from a causehetutvā - causality; causation; existence of cause or motiveheya - overcome; to be left or quitted or abandoned; rejected or avoided; to be left or quitted or abandonedhi - indeed, truly; becausehiṃsā - harm (to life or property), injury, hurt; wrong (said to be of three kinds, 1. mental, as "bearing malice"; 2. verbal, as "abusive language"; 3. personal, as "acts of violence")hīna - deficiency, want, absence; defective, faulty, insufficient, short, incomplete, poor, little, low, vile, bad, base, mean; bereft or deprived of, free from, devoid or destitute of, without;hita - beneficial, advantageous, salutary, wholesome, suitable, agreeing withhitopadeśa - a popular collection of fables intermixed with didactic sentences and moral precepts; it is chiefly founded on the Pañcatantrahlāda - delight; gladness, joyhṛd - the heart (as the seat of feelings and emotions), soul, mind (as seat of thought and intellectual operations)hṛdaya - heart or region of the heart as the seat of feelings and sensations; mind as the seat of mental operations; the heart or centre or core or essence or best or dearest or most secret part of anythinghṛtstha - standing or abiding in the heartback to topi - the third vowel of the alphabet; to go the right way, be pious or virtuousicchā - will, desire, inclination, wishicchoḥ - for that person who wishesiḍā - comfort, libationidam - this, this here, referring to something neariha - in this world; here on earthīkṣ - to see, look, view, behold, look at, gaze atīkṣā - seeing, looking, visiting; sight, viewingindriya - faculty of sense; sense; organ of sense; organs of motor action and sensory perceptioniṅg - to move, agitate, shake; waveriṣ - seek, desireīś - to be master of; master, lord, the supreme spirit; to behave like a master, allow; to dispose of, be valid or powerful; name of Śivaīśitva - superiority, supremacy; the perfection of controllingiṣṭa - wished, desired; liked, beloved; choseniṣṭadevatā - a chosen tutelary deity; favourite god; one particularly worshippedīśvara - personal god; the supreme soul; the supreme being; special self; god; lord; master, prince, king, mistress, queen; ruler of choicesīśvara kṛṣṇa - name of the author of the Sāṅkhya Kārikāīśvara praṇidhānā - dedication to the lord;iṣyate - is said to be; known thus; is accepted as; is considered to beitara - othersitaratra - at other times, on the other handitaretara - one with the otheriti - thus; in this manner; something that has been said or thought; having so saiditya - to be gone to or towards; going, steppingiva - as it were, as ifback to topja - born or descended from; produced or caused by; arises out ofjaḍa - cold, frigid; stiff, torpid, motionless, apathetic, senseless, stunned, paralysed; stupid, dull; void of life, inanimate, unintelligentjagat - the world, esp. this world, earth; moving, movable, locomotive, livingjala - waterjālaṃdhara - web or net holding; a kind of mudrājālandhara bandha - web or net holding; binding; throat lockjan - to generate, beget, produce, create, causejanana - generating, begetting, producing, causingjanman - birth, production; re-birthjānu - kneejanu śīrṣāsana - knee head posturejap - to utter in a low voice, whisper, mutter; to invoke or call upon in a low voicejapa - repetition of a sacred formula; muttering, whispering; muttering prayers, repeating in a murmuring tone passages from scripture or names of a deity; muttered prayer or spelljarā - becoming old; the act of becoming old, old age; the act of wearing out, wastingjaṭā - arrangement of the Vedic text (still more artificial than the krama , each pair of words being repeated thrice and one repetition being in inverted order)jaṭhara - the stomach, belly, abdomen, bowels, wombjaṭhara parivṛtti - rotated abdomenjāti - the form of existence, existence; birth, production; re-birth; position assigned by birth, rank, caste, family, race, lineage; genusjavitva - fleetnessjaya - mastery; conquest, victory, triumph, winningjāyante - are bornjihvā bandha - tongue bindingjijñāsā - asking; search; desire of knowing, curiosity, inquisitiveness; curiosity, spirit of learning; search, investigation, test, examinationjīva - living, existing, alive; causing to live, vivifying; any living being, anything living; the principle of life, vital breath, the living or personal souljīvana - vivifying, giving life, enlivening; a living being; lifejīvātman - the individual soul enshrined in the human body; that spiritual essence which renders bodies susceptible of motion or sensationjivhā - the tonguejñā - to know, have knowledge, become acquainted; perceive, apprehend, understand; experience, recognise, ascertain, investigate;jña - knowing; intelligent, having a soul, wise; the thinking souljñāna - knowing; knowledge; higher knowledgejñāna indriya - ‘knowledge-organ’, an organ of sensationjñāna yoga - yoga as based on the acquisition of true knowledgejñāni - one who knowsjñāta - known, ascertained, comprehended, perceived, understoodjñātṛtva - knowingnessjñeya - to be known; to be learnt or understood or ascertained or investigated or perceived or inquired aboutjugupsā - disdainjvalana - glowjyotis - light; brightness; fire, flash of lightning; light as the divine principle of life or source of intelligence, intelligence;jyotsnā - light, splendour; title of commentary on haṭha pradīpikāback to topkaivalya - independence, freedom, emancipation, solitude, isolation, aloneness, separateness, abstraction, not connected with anything else; uncompounded, unmingledkāla - time, a period of time; season, the proper time or season forkala - to count; beats; partskalala - the embryo a short time after conceptionkali - strife, discord, quarrel, contention; last of the cycle of four ageskalmaṣa - dirty, stained; dregs, settlingskalpa - a fabulous period of time; practicable, feasible, possible; proper, fit, able, competent, equal to; a sacred precept, law, rule, ordinance; having the manner or form of anything, similar to, resemblingkalyāṇa - good conduct, virtue; beautiful, agreeable; illustrious, noble, generous; beneficial, salutary, auspiciouskam - to love, to long forkāma - desire, longing; the gratification of desirekāmāvasāyitva - the power of suppressing desirekāmya - to have a desire for; to one's liking, agreeable to one's wishkanda - bulbkaṇṭaka - thornskaṇṭha - the throat, the neck; sound, especially guttural soundkaṇṭhya - a guttural sound or letter; being at or in the throat; belonging to the throat, pronounced from the throat, gutturalkapālabhāti - skull shiningkapha - phlegm principlekapila - name/s of ancient sage/skapota - dove, pigeonkāra - an act, action; making, doing, working, a maker, doerkaraṇa - a helper, companion; instrument, means of action; doing, making, effecting, causing; the act of making, doing, producing, effectingkāraṇa - cause, reason, the cause of anything; instrument, means; motive origin, principlekaraṇī - form, aspect; doing, making; a particular position of the fingerskārikā - concise statement of doctrines in versekārita - brought aboutkāritva - quality of activitykarman - act, action, performance; work, labour, activity; any religious act or rite; organ of sensekarma indriya - an organ of action (five in number like the five organs of sense, viz. hand, foot, larynx, organ of generation, and excretionkarma yoga - performance of a work or businesskarṇa - the earkārpaṇya - poverty, indigence; pitiful circumstances; poorness of spirit, weakness, parsimony, niggardliness, imbecility; compassion, pitykarta - separation, distinctionkartṛtva - Being agent; the state of being the performer or author of anything;karuṇā - compassion, pitykārya - an effect, result; to be made or done or practised or performed, practicable, feasible; to be caused to dokāścana - anyonekaścit - anyone; somebody, someonekathaṃtā - whereforekaurava - a patronymic from Kuru; a descendant of Kurukauśala - skilfulness, cleverness, experience; well-being, welfare, good fortune, prosperitykāya - the bodykenacit - whatsoever; with anyone; with. anythingkevala - alone, only, merely, solely, excluding otherskevala - alone, only, mere, sole, one, excluding otherskha - the second consonant of the alphabet; vacuity, empty space, air, ether, sky; a cavity, hollow, cave, cavern, aperture; an aperture of the human body; the hole in the nave of a wheel through which the axis runskhecarī - the magical power of flying; a particular Mudrā or position of the tongue, or of the fingerskhyāti - recognition; perception, knowledgekila - indeed, verily, assuredlykiṃ - howkiñcit - something; somewhat; very little; anythingkleśa - afflictions; distress; anguishkliś - to be afflicted; to torment; to distresskliṣṭa - afflicted, tormented, distressed; connected with pain or sufferingkoṇa - corner; anglekoṇāsana - angle posekośa - a cask, vessel for holding liquids; a sheath, scabbard; a case, covering, coverkṛ - to do, to makekram - to stride; to walk; to step; to go, to cross; to leap; to ascendkrama - a step; progressing step by step, a particular manner or method of reading and writing Vedic texts; sequence; order; series; regular arrangement; succession; in regular course; gradually, by degreeskriyā - doing, performing, performance, occupation with, business, act, action, undertaking, activity, work, labour; bodily action, exercise of the limbs; medical treatment or practice, applying a remedy; a religious rite or ceremony, sacrificial actkriyā yoga - activities of yoga; a practical form of the Yoga philosophy (union with the deity by due performance of the duties of every day life, active devotion)kriyamāṇa - being donekṛkala - one of the five vital airs (that which assists in digestion)krodha - angerkṛpākara - ‘a mine of compassion’, extremely compassionatekṛśa - lean, emaciated, thin, spare, weak, feeblekṛṣṇa - black, dark, dark-blue; name of a celebrated Avatār of the god Viṣṇu, or sometimes identified with Viṣṇu himselfkṛta - done; made; accomplished; performedkṛtajñatā - gratitude, gratefulness; offering of gratitudekṛti - to do, to makekṛtsna - all, whole, entire; totality, completenesskṛtvā - having done, made, performedkrudh - to be angrykṣam - endure; to be patient or composedkṣamā - forgiveness; patience, forbearance, indulgence; adequate, competent, able, fit for, appropriate, becoming, suitable, proper forkṣaṇa - moment, any instantaneous point of time, instant, twinkling of an eye; a moment regarded as a measure of timekṣaya - diminish, wasting or wearing awaykṣema - to bear patiently, endure, put up with; giving rest or ease or securitykṣetra - the field; landed property, land, soil;kṣetrika - like a farmer; relating to a field, having a field, agrarian; the owner of a field; a farmer, cultivatorkṣi - to abide, stay, dwell, reside; to inhabitkṣīṇa - reducedkṣip - to throw, cast, send, despatch; to move hastily; to throw away, cast away, get rid of; to strike down, ruin, destroykṣipta - distracted; distraction or absence of mind; unsteady; unable to concentrate; scatteredkṣīrasya - to long for milk or for the breastkṣīyate - dissolveskṣudh - hungerkukkuṭa - a wild cockkumbhaka - retentionkuṇḍalinī - annulate; circular; coiled onekūpa - a small well; the navelkūrma - one of the outer winds of the body (causing the closing of the eyes); the earth considered as a tortoise swimming on the waters; a tortoise, turtlekuru - name of a region or extensive plain near Delhi, the scene of the great battles between the Kaurava and Pāṇḍava; Kuru the family name of an ancestor of both Pāṇḍu and Dhṛtarāṣṭrakurvanti - they do; they perform; they makeback to toplābha - attainedlāghava - lightness (also of heart), ease, relief;laghiman - lightness, levity, absence of weight; a kind of siddhi or supernatural faculty of assuming excessive lightness at will; smallness, diminutiveness, insignificance; frivolousness, fickleness; meanness, lowness, diminutionlaghu - lightness; light in the stomach, easily digested; well, in good health; light, easy, not heavy or difficultlaharī - a large wave, billow; a type of Prāṇāyāmalakṣ - to perceive, observe; to recogniselakṣaṇa - a mark, sign, symbol, token, characteristic, attribute, quality; indicating, expressing indirectly; the act of aiming at, aim, goal, scope, object; a symptom or indication of diseaselakṣmī - a good sign, good fortune, prosperity, success, happiness; beauty, loveliness, grace, charm, splendour, lustre; name of the goddess of fortune and beauty, frequently in the later mythology identified with Śrī and regarded as the wife of Viṣṇu or Nārāyaṇalakṣya - to be marked or characterized or defined; to be indicated, indirectly denoted or expressed; kept in view or observed; to be regarded as or taken forlālasa - eagerly longing for, ardently desirous of, delighting or absorbed in, devoted or totally given up to;laṅghana - lightening; to dry, dry up; fasting, hunger, starving system; rising to or towards, ascendinglāvaṇya - gracelaya - absorbedlaya yoga - yoga of absorption; name of the first chapter of the Amanaska Yoga treatise dealing with topics as absorptionliṅga - a mark, spot, sign, token, badge, emblem, characteristic; manifest; the sign of gender or sex, organ of generationliṅgaśarīra - the subtle body which accompanies the individual spirit or soul in all its transmigrations and is not destroyed by deathliṅgasya - of the subtle bodylobha - greedloka - the wide space or world; the earth or world of human beingslokana - the act of looking, seeing, viewingback to topmā - to measure; to weigh; to compare in sizemada - pride, arrogance, presumption, conceit of or aboutmadhura - sweet, pleasant, charming, delightfulmadhva - lived during 1238-1317 in Karnataka, propounded the philosophy of Realism, the Doctrine of the Twomadhya - moderateness; middle, central, being in the middle or centre; Intervening, intermediate; standing between two, impartial, neutralmādhya - middle, central, midmadhyamā - middling, intermediate; third stage of sound before speechmahā - greatmahā vākya - a principal sentence; great propositionmahābhārata - name of the celebrated epic which describes the rivalries and contests of the sons of Dhṛtarāṣṭra and Pāṇḍumahābhāṣya - great commentary; particularly the commentary of Patañjali on Pāṇini Sūtramahāmudrā - great sealmahānārāyaṇa - great supreme beingmahārāja - a great king, reigning prince, supreme sovereignmaharṣi - great seer, sagemahat - great principle; intellectual principlemahātman - the supreme spirit; highly gifted, exceedingly wise; high-minded, noble; eminent, mighty, powerful, distinguished,māhātmya - magnanimity, highmindedness; exalted state or position, majesty, dignity; the peculiar efficacy or virtue of any divinity or sacred shrine; a work giving an account of the merits of any holy place or objectmahattva - greatestmahiman - greatness, magnitude, grandeur, majesty, glory; might, power, energy; exaltation, high rank; a great person, anything great; the magical power of increasing size at will; illimitabilitymahiṣāsura - the Asura or demon Mahiṣamaitrī - friendliness, good willmakaranda - nectar, the juice of flowers, honeymala - dust; dirt; waste; any bodily excretion or secretionmālā - a string of beads, necklace, rosarymālikā - a garland; a necklace; a row, series, collection of things arranged in a linemām - memama - my; minemāmakāḥ - my sonsmamakāra - interesting one's self about anything; self-interest; mineness; mine-making; the mistaken conception of mine or possessionman - to think, believe, imagine, suppose, conjecturemāna - opinion, notion, conception, idea; self-conceit, arrogance, pride; consideration, regard, respect, honour; a wounded sense of honour, anger or indignation; capricemanana - thoughtfulmanas - mind; that which objects of sense affect; the faculty or instrument through which thoughts entermānasa - belonging to the mind or spirit, mental, spiritual; expressed only in the mind, performed in thought; conceived or present in the mind, conceivable, imaginablemānasika - committed (only) in thought; conceived (only) in the mind, imaginarymaṇḍala - circle, orbmandira - any waiting or abiding-place, habitation, dwelling, house, palace, temple, townmāṇḍūkya - name of upaniṣat; frogmāṇḍūkyopaniṣad - māṇḍūkya upaniṣad is the shortest of all the upaniṣat, and is assigned to atharvavedamaṅgala - anything auspicious e.g. a good omen, a prayer, benediction, auspicious ornament or amulet; a festival or any solemn ceremony on important occasionsmaṅgala - name of the planet Mars; name of Agnimaṇi - a jewel, gem, pearl, any ornament or amulet, globule, crystalmaṇipūra - jewel citymanomaya - consisting of mindmantra - a sacred formula addressed to any individual deity; instrument of thought; sacrificial formula; mystical verse or magical formula; incantation, charm, spellmantra yoga - employment of a sacred textmanu - legendary author of an important law code; man; first manmānuṣaka - human, mortal; of humansmanuṣya - human, manly, useful or friendly to man; a man, human beingmaraṇa - the act of dying, deathmārga - seeking, search; way to or through; road, path, pathway; the track of a wild animalmarman - mortal spot, vulnerable point, any open or exposed or weak or sensitive part of the bodymerudaṇḍa - the spinemata - a thought, idea, opinion, view, sentimentmātā - mothermati - opinion, notion, idea, belief, conviction, view, creed; devotion, prayer, worship, hymn, sacred utterance; intelligent, mindful, applied to; the mind, perception, understanding, intelligence, sense, judgementmātrā - being nothing but, simply or merely; only; measure, quantity, sum, size, durationmātra - measure, quantity, sum, size, duration, measure of any kind; possessing as much as or no more than; amounting to; being nothing but, simply or merelymatsara - selfishness; envy, jealousy; hostilitymātsarya - envy, jealousymatsya - fishmatsyendra - lord of the fish; a teacher of Yogamāyā - illusionmāya - creating illusions; measuringmaya - consisting of; aspectmayā - by memayūra - a peacock; a kind of flower; a kind of instrument for measuring timemayūrāsana - a hand-balancing āsaname - mymegha - cloud pouringmeru - name of a fabulous mountain; the central or most prominent bead in a rosary; the most prominent finger-joint in particular positions of the fingersmīmāṃsā - investigation of the proper interpretation of the Vedic textsmiśra - mixed, mingled, blended, combined; manifold, diverse, various; mixed or connected or furnished with, accompanied bymita - measured, moderate, scanty, frugal, little, short, briefmitāhāra - moderate food, scanty dietmithuna - paired, forming a pairmithyā - falsely, deceitfully, untruly; incorrectly, wrongly, improperlymitra - friend, companion, associatemnā - to repeat (in the mind); to learn diligently; to remember; to praisemodita - pleased, delighted; pleasure, delightmoha - delusion; error; darkness or delusion of mind; to say anything that leads to error, to fall into error; loss of consciousness, bewilderment, perplexity, distraction, infatuation, follymokṣa - liberation, release from worldly existence or transmigration, transcendence, final or eternal emancipationmṛ - to die, decease; to cause to die, kill, slay; to wish or be about to die, face deathmṛdu - softness, mildness, gentlenessmṛgi - deermṛta - dead, deceased, death-like, torpid, rigid; departed, vanishedmṛtyu - death, dying; death personified or the god of deathmuc - to loose, let loose, free, let go, slacken, release, liberatemucyate - be set free: releasedmud - to mix, mingle, blend, unite; to be merry or glad or happy, rejoice, delight inmūḍha - stupefied; bewildered; perplexed;muditā - gladness; rejoicing in, delighted; joyfulmudrā - sealmuh - to become stupefied or unconscious, be bewildered or perplexed, err, be mistaken, go astray; to become confused, fail, miscarrymukha - head: face; mouthmukta - liberated, delivered, emancipated; loosened, let loose, set free, relaxed, slackened, opened, openmukti - setting or becoming free, release, liberation, deliverance from; final liberation or emancipation, final beatitudemūla - rootmūla bandha - root binding; lower abdominal lockmūlādhāra - root supportmumukṣu - desirous of freeing, wishing to deliver from; eager to be free (from mundane existence), striving after emancipation; wishing to let go or give up; a sage who strives after emancipationmuni - a saint, sage, seer, ascetic, monk, devotee, hermitmūrcchā - fainting, swooning, loss of consciousness or sensemūrdha - the head; crown of the headmūrdhanya - ‘cerebrals’ or ‘linguals’, being on or in the head, belonging to the head; formed on the roof or top of the palate;mūrta - settled into any fixed shape, formed, substantial, solid, material, corporeal, embodied, incarnatemūrti - any solid body or material form; embodiment, manifestation, incarnation, personification; an image, idol, statueback to topna - no; not; nor, neithernabha - the skynābhi - navel; a navel-like cavity; the nave of a wheel; centre, central pointnabho - the skynādānusandhāna - Following the inner soundnāḍī - channelnāḍī śodhana - channel cleansingnāga - one of the 5 airs of the human body (which is expelled by eructation)nahuṣa - name of an ancient king, he took possession of Indra's throne but was afterwards deposed and changed into a serpent; name of son of Manu;nahuṣa - name of an ancient kingnaimittika - occasional, special, accidental; produced by any or by a particular cause; an effectnairantarya - without interruption, uninterruptedly, continuallynam - to bend or bownāma - namenamas - bow, obeisance, reverential salutationNamaskāra - the exclamation "namas" as in bow, obeisance, adoration, homage; respectful greetingsnāmāvalī - a list of names (of a god)nānā - manifold, various, sundry, different, diverse; differently, variously, distinctly, separatelynānātva - difference, variety, manifoldnessnānāvidha - of various sorts, multiform, manifoldnandi - an attendant of Śiva; joy, happiness, welfarenandi - the happy one; name of an attendant of Śivanānta - endless, infinitenārāyaṇa - supreme being in the qualified non-dualism conventionnartakī - causing to dancenāsā - the nosenāsāgra - the tip of the nosenaṣṭa - disappearednaṭavat - acting as a; pretender; like an actornātha - a protector, patron, possessor, owner, lordnāthamuni - The first ācārya of the South Indian Śrī Vaiṣṇava tradition and so, nominally, the first Viśiṣṭādvaita teachernaulī - to churnnava - ninenāva - boat, shipnavama - the ninth; of nine kinds, ninefoldnetī - the drawing of a thread through the nose and mouthnibandhanī - band, bond, fetternididhyāsana - profound and repeated contemplation (rational and cognitive process on the mahāvākya)nidrā - deep sleep; slumber; sleepiness; slothnimitta - instrumental cause; cause, motive, ground, reason; instrumental or efficient cause; a cause that concurs in, or is elevated to, the production of something more noble than itselfnimna - inclined towardsnir - out, without, forthnirālamba - self-supported; independentnirāśraya - supportless, having or offering no prop or stay, destitute, aloneniratiśaya - unsurpassed, matchless, unrivallednirbhāsa - shining forth; appearancenirbīja - without seednirdiṣṭa - pointed out, shown, indicated, declared, announced, foretold, enjoined; ordered, meant or determined for, appointed tonirgrāhya - permanently graspednirguṇa - without attributes, qualities; without formnirmāṇa - created, constructed, forming, making, building, compositionnirṇaya - complete ascertainment, decision, determination, settlement; application of a conclusive argument; discussion, considerationnirodha - to contain, enclose; cover; confine, restrain; quell, surpress; quiescenirupa - non-formingnirvāṇa - blown or put out, extinguished, set, calmed, quieted; dead, deceased, lost, disappeared; extinction of the flame of life; dissolution, death or final emancipation from matter; absolute extinction or annihilation individual existence or of all desiresnirvartya - to be brought about or accomplished or effected; to be uttered or pronouncednirvicārā - refined subtle reflectionnirvikalpa - unimagined; without imagination; without special thought; without mental preoccupation; free of thoughtnirvitarka - refined gross deliberationniścayena - resolution, resolve, fixed intention, design, purpose, aim; inquiry, ascertainment, fixed opinion, conviction, certainty, positivenessniścita - ascertained, determined, settled, concluded, decided, established, certain, one who has come to a conclusion or formed a fixed opinion; sentenced, pronouncedniṣṭhā - firmness, steadiness, skill in, familiarity with, certain knowledge ofnitya - eternal; constantly dwelling or engaged innityatva - invariableness, constancy, continuance, eternity, perpetuitynivartaṇte - are perishable; finitenivartate - ceasesnivāta - sheltered from the wind, calm; asylum, refugeniveśa - a dwelling-place, habitation of any kind;nivṛtti - cessation; non-movementniyama - observances; restraint of the mind; a rule or precept; obligation; restraining, checking, holding backniyata - Fixed, permanent, constant, steady; always, constantly, decidedly, inevitably, surelyniyoga - tying or fastening to; employment, use, application; injunction, order, commandnṛtya - dancing, acting, gesticulation, pantomimenyāsa - putting down or in, placing, fixing, inserting, applying, impressing, drawing, painting, writing downnyasya - to be laid down or deposited or delivered or appointed to; having laid down or depositednyāya - syllogistic argumentback to topojas - vital essence; bodily vitality; vigour;om - mystical symbol, sacred exclamationoṣadhi - blessed herbs, medicinal herbsoṣṭhya - a labial sound; produced by the lips, labial; being at the lips, belonging to the lips;back to toppa - guarding, protecting; rulingpac - cook, boil, bake; digest; ripen, maturepad - to stand fast or fixed; to fall, fall down or out, perishpada - a word or an inflected word or the stem of a noun; a portion of a verse, quarter or line of a stanzapāda - the chapter of a book; section; a quarter, a fourth part; foot, leg; on foot; the act of locomotionpādāṅguṣṭha - big toe. the great toepādāsana - a footstoolpadma - lotuspadmāsana - a seat; lotus posture; posture in religious meditation; a kind of coituspadya - a way, path, roadpāka - digestion, assimilation of food; ripening, ripeness; cooking, baking, roasting, boilingpakṣa - a wing, pinion; the flank or side or the half of anything; the shoulder; a feather, the feathers on both sides of an arrow;pakva - roasted, boiled, prepared on the fire; mature, ripe, ripened, matured; come to perfection, accomplished, perfect, fully developedpañca - fivepañcadhā - in 5 ways or parts, fivefoldpañcaka - consisting of 5, relating to 5, made of 5pañcaśikhā - a sage of ancient timespañcatantra - collection of moral stories and fables in 5 books from which the Hitopadeśa is partly takenpañcataya - fivefold; having five parts or limbspāṇḍava - a patronymic, a son or descendant of Pāṇḍupaṇḍita - learned, wise, shrewd, clever, skilful in; a scholar, a learned man, teacher, philosopherpāṇḍu - He was a king of the Kuru Kingdom. he was the foster-father of the five Pāṇḍava brotherspaṅgu - of those elements of the body which are themselves without motion; lame, halt, crippled in the legspāṇi - holding in the hand; the act of graspingpaṅka - mudpanthan - path, road, course, way, mannerpāpa - what brings one down; downfall; inauspicious; misfortune, ill-luck, trouble, mischief, harmpāpaka - bad, evilpara - higher, highest, supreme, chief; otherparā - far, distant, remote (in space), opposite, ulterior, farther than, beyond, on the other or farther side of, extreme; the esoteric Vedānta doctrine; first stage of soundparama - highest, supreme, chief; the supreme or absolute being, the universal soul; mostparamparā - from “one to another”; an uninterrupted row or series, order, succession, continuation, mediation, traditionparāpara - remote and proximate, prior and posterior (as cause and effect), earlier and later, higher and lower, better and worseparāparā - superior and inferiorparārthe - dependent on something else; for another or for others or for something elseparaspara - like one anotherparatantra - dependent on or subject to another, obedientparatva - distance, remoteness, consequence, posteriority, difference, strangeness, superiority toparavāda - objection, controversy; the talk of others; the opponent in controversypari - round, around, about, round about; fully, abundantly, richly; fully, abundantly, richly; beyond, more thanparidṛṣṭa - seen to be, seen, beheld, perceived, learntparigraha - grasping all around; amassing; possessiveness; covetousnessparihīna - wanting or deficientparikrama - roaming about, circumambulating, walking through, pervading; following the course of a river down from its source to its mouthparīkṣā - inspection, investigation, examinationpariṇāma - transformation into; change, alteration, development, evolutionpariṇāma vāda - the ‘doctrine of evolution’, the Sāṃkhya doctrine;paripāka - digestion; completely cooked; cooked on all sidespariśuddhi - thoroughly purify, complete purification or justification, acquittalparitāpa - distress, pain, agony, grief, sorrow; glow, scorching, heatparivṛtti - turning, rolling, revolutionparivṛtti trikoṇāsana - rotated triangle posturepārśva - side, flankparśva trikoṇāsana - side triangle postureparśva uttānāsana - intense flank stretch forward bend posturepārtha - a metronymic of Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīmasena, and Arjuna, especially of the lastparvan - phaseparyanta - to the end of, as far as; from one end to the other;paryavasāna - ultimate limit; terminus; conclusionpaś - behold, look at, observe, perceive, notice; to be a spectator, look on; to have insight or discernment; to see with the spiritual eye, compose, inventpaścimatāna - west or back stretchpaścimatānāsana - west or back-stretch posturepāśupata - relating or sacred to or coming from Śiva Paśu-pati; a follower or worshipper of Śiva; name of a celebrated weapon given by Śiva to Arjunapāśupatayoga - the yoga system of the pāśupatapaśyantī - Name of the second out of the four successive stages in the origination or utterance of a word. Thence it comes up and is called madhyamā in the third stage; when it strikes against the vocal chords it becomes articulate, then it is called vaikharī.paśyat - seeing, beholdingpata - flying; fallingpatañjali - celebrated as a compiler of the yoga sūtra or as a grammarianpāṭha - methods of reciting the text of the veda (of which there are 5 primary variants)patti - going, moving, walking; a pedestrian, footman, foot-soldier, infantrypavamāna - being purified or strained; flowing clear; to purify; purifying; air, wind; the sacred fire called gārhapatyapavitra - purifying, averting evil, pure, holy, sacred, sinless, beneficentpāyu - act of excretion; anusphala - fruit; consequence, effect; result; retribution (good or bad), gain or loss, reward or punishment, advantage or disadvantagepiñcha - a peacock featherpiṅgalā - tawny-red colourpipāsā - thirstpīṭham - a support as in a stool, seat, chair, bench; a particular posture in sitting; the seat of a deity; an altarpitṛ - father; the fathers; ancestorspitta - bile principleplāvinī - that which makes one float and flow; a type of kumbhakapoṣaṇa - nourishing, cherishing; the act of nourishing, fostering, keeping, supportingpṛ - to fillpṝ - to fill, to cherish, to grant abundantly, to become complete, to fulfill, to cover completelyprabhu - to rule, control, have power over, be master of, mighty, powerful; to profit, avail, be of use toprabhūta - come forth, risen, appearedprabuddha - awakened, awake, roused, expanded, developed, opened, blown; come forth, appeared; known, understood, recognisedpracāra - manifestation, appearance, coming forth, spreadingpracchardana - lengthening the exhaleprada - giving, yielding, offering, granting, bestowing, causing, effecting, uttering, speakingpradhāna - the principal or first, chief, head of, prime, major; the most important or essential part; unevolved or root of matter, original source; the creative principle of naturepradhānasya - of nature, of the primary or unevolved matterpradīpa - a light, lamp, lanternpradīpavat - like a lamppradīpikā - special light or lampprādurbhāva - appearanceprāgbhāra - inclination, propensityprajñā - special knowing; insight; wisdom, intelligence, knowledge, discrimination, judgementprajñāta - known, understood, found out, discerned, known asprākāmya - freedom of will; wilfulness, following or obeying one's own will or inclination; irresistible will or fiatprakāra - sort, kind, nature, class, species, way, mode, manner;prakaraṇa - treatment; discussion; explanation; subject, topic, matterprakāś - to become visible, appear, shine, become evident or manifest; to illumineprakāśa - clearness, brightness, splendour, lustre, light; visible, shining, brightprakāśana - illuminating, giving light; causing to appear, displaying, bringing to light, publicly showing or manifestingprakīrtita - announced, proclaimed, revealed, stated, said, mentioned; named, called; approved, praised, celebratedprakopa - effervescence, excitement, raging (of diseases, war &c); provocation, aggravationprakṛti - the original producer of the material world; nature or process of matter; nature, character, constitution, temper, dispositionprakṛtyā - by nature, naturally, unalterably, properlypralaya - dissolution, reabsorption, destruction, annihilation; destruction of the whole world, at the end of a time periodpramāda - carelessness, negligence; intoxicationpramāṇa - right perception, a correct notion; a means of acquiring; measure, scale, standardprameha - urinary diseaseprameya - to be ascertained or proved; to be measured; the thing to be proved or the topic to be discussedprāṇa - the breath of life, breath, respiration, spirit, vitality; vital air; air inhaled, wind; vigour, energy, powerprāṇa śakti - power of the vital breath; power of vital energypraṇam - to bend or bow down before; make obeisance toprāṇamaya - consisting of vital forcepraṇava - sacred syllable; the syllable that gives life; the mystical name of the deity; the mystical or sacred syllable om; name of the trinityprāṇāyāma - extending the breathpraṇidhāna - profound religious meditation, abstract contemplation of; dedication; respectful conduct; behaviour towards; attention; to place down; in front ofprānta - finalprapanna - one who seeks for protection or takes refuge, a suppliantprapatti - self-surrender; taking shelter or refuge; pious resignation or devotionprāpnoti - to obtain, getprāpte - when arrived; having attainedprāpti - attaining to, reaching, arriving at, arrival, coming; coming or lighting upon, meeting with, finding; obtaining, getting, gaining, acquisition, profit, gain, advantage; range; the power of obtaining everything, one of the eight superhuman facultiesprārabdha - commenced, begun, undertakenprārthanā - prayer, to request, to petitionprasāda - serenity; a propitiatory offering, the food presented to an idolprasādana - calming, soothing, cheering, gratifying; propitiatingprasaṃkhyāna - omniscience, knowing; discriminative meditation, abstract contemplation; counting, enumerationprasaṅga - towards associationprasanna - placid, tranquilpraśānta - serene, tranquillized, calm, quiet, composed, indifferentprasārita - held forth, stretched out, expanded, spreadprasārita pāda uttānāsana - extended or spread leg intense stretch forward bend postureprasava - begetting, procreation, generation, conception, parturition, delivery, birth, originpraśvāsā - breathing in, inhaling; breath, respiration;prasṛta - held or stretched out; extending over or toprasupta - latent, quiet, inactive; fallen into sleep, fast asleep, sleeping, slumberingprathamā - earliest, primary, original, prior, former; foremost, first, preceding, initial; chief, principal, most excellentprati - with regard to; towards, in the direction of; back, in return, again; in opposition to, against, counteprati - against, in opposition to; back, again, in return; down upon, upon, onpratibandhī - opposeprātibha - intuitive, divinatory; intuitive knowledge, intuition, divination; presence of mindpratikriyā - opposite activity, counteraction, compensationpratikriyāsana - opposite action posture; counterposepratiloma - opposite grainpratiloma krama - opposite grain sequencepratiloma ujjāyī - opposite grain upwards victorypratiniyama - A separate allotmen; A general rule; a strict rule as to applying an example to particular persons or things onlypratipakṣa - the opposite side, hostile party, opposition; an adversary, opponent, foe; a respondent, defendantpratipatti - ascertainmentpratiṣedha - counteracting; keeping back, warding off, preventionpratiṣṭha - established; standing firmly, steadfast; point of support, centre or base of anythingpratīti - conviction, settled beliefpratiyogīn - correspondingpratyabhijñā - to recognize, remember, know, understand; to come to one's self, recover consciousness; regaining knowledge or recognition (of the identity of the Supreme and individual soul)pratyāhāra - withdrawal from the senses; withdrawal, abstraction; withdrawing, re-absorption or dissolution of the world; drawing back (troops from a battle), retreatpratyak - turned back or inward, inner, interior; turning the back, averted, moving in an opposite directionpratyakṣa - through the sensespratyaya - psychic activity; cause; conception, assumption, notion, idea; ground, basis, motive or cause of anythingprauḍha - strong; proud, arrogant, confident, bold, audacious, impudent; proficient; prime (of one’s youthpravarta - engaging in, undertakingpravibhāga - separationpravṛt - to come forth, issue, originate, arise, be produced, result, occur, happen, take place; be set in motion or going; to commence, begin to; to behave or conduct one's self towards, deal withpravṛtti - activity, exertion, efficacy, function; finer cognition, special cognition, sensuous cognition; moving onwards, advance, progressprayacchanti - they offer, present, bestow, deliverprayatna - persevering effort, continued exertion or endeavour, exertion bestowed on; active efforts (of 3 kinds, viz. engaging in any act, pursuing it, and completing it)prayoga - connectionprayojaka - effective, essential; initiating, occasioning, causing, effecting, leading to, inciting, stimulating, deputing; prompting, instigating, instigator, promoterpṛcchāmi - I ask; I am askingprekṣā - seeing, viewing, beholding, regarding, looking on (at a performance)prīti - any pleasurable sensation, pleasure, joy, gladness, satisfactionprokta - announced, told, taught, mentioned; said, spoken, spoken to, addressed; it having been announcedpronnata - raised up, elevated, lofty, high; superiorpṛthvī - earth elementpūjā - honour, worship, respect, reverence, veneration, homage to superiors or adoration of the godspumān - spirit; person; manpuṃs - the soul, spirit, spirit of manpuṇ - to act piously or virtuously; that which cleansespunar - back, home, in an opposite direction; again and again, repeatedly; again, once morepuṇya - auspicious, propitious, fair, pleasant, good, right, virtuous, meritorious, pure, holy, sacredpūraka - inhalepuraścaraṇa - making preparations, preparatory to; a preparatory or introductory rite, preparationpūrṇa - filled, full, filled with, full of; fulfilled, finished, accomplished, ended, past; complete, all, entirepūrṇimā - the night or day of full moonpurohita - front placedpuruṣārtha - any object of human pursuit; any one of the four objects or aims of existencepuruṣa - animating principle, self, consciousness, spirit; a person, man, a human being; peoplepuruṣottama - supreme spirit; the highest beingpūrva - eastward, to the east of; in front, before; former, prior, preceding, previous to, earlier thanpūrvāṅga - a constituent part of the precedingpūrvatāna - east facing front stretchpuṣ - to be nourished; nourishing, causing to thriveback to toprāga - colour; attraction; passion, delight in; vehement desire of; attachment; a musical note, harmony, melodyrahasya - secretrāja - a king, sovereign, chief or best of its kindrāja yoga - a particular stage in abstract meditationrajas - excitingrakṣ - to guard, watch, take care of, protect, save, preserverakṣā - the act of protecting or guarding, protection, care, preservation, security; a guard, watch, sentinel; any preservative, (esp.) a sort of bracelet or amulet, any mysterious token used as a charmrakṣaṇa - protector; the act of guarding, watching, protecting; preservation; a ceremony performed for protection or preservation; name of Viṣṇurakta - blood; coloured; redrāmānuja - a Tamil Brahmin and a major figure both in the development of Hindu theism and of the Vedānta tradition of religious philosophyrandhra - a slit, split, opening, aperture, hole, chasm, fissure, cavity; (nine openings are reckoned in the human body, cf. under ख; and sometimes a tenth in the skull, as in the fontanel of an infant)raṅga - a place for public amusement or for dramatic exhibition, theatre, play-house, stage, arena, any place of assemblyrañj - to be dyed or coloured, to redden, grow red, glow; to be affected or moved, be excited or glad, be charmed or delighted byrasa - disposition; the prevailing sentiment in human character; flavour; any object of taste; a tasterasana - sense of tasting; the tongue as organ of taste; phlegm or saliva; tasting, taste, flavour, savour; croaking (of frogs)rasāyana - a medicine supposed to prevent old age and prolong life, an elixir, elixir vitae; the employment of mercury as a remedy or for magical purposes; a particular drug used as a vermifuge; an alchemistrāṣṭra - a kingdom, realm, empire, dominion, sovereignty; a district, ccountry, region, territory, inhabited country; a people, nation, subjectsratna - jewelsrātri - night; the darkness or stillness of nightṛc - praise, verse, esp. a sacred verse recited in praise of a deity, in contradistinction to the sāman, or verses which were sung and to the yajus, or sacrificial words, formularies, and verses which were mutteredrecaka - exhaleṛg veda - ‘Hymn - Veda’ or ‘Veda of praise’; most ancient sacred book of sacred verses called ṛca, consisting of 1017 hymns, arranged in eight aṣṭaka or in ten maṇḍalaroga - disease, infirmity, sicknessrogya - related to or connected with disease, producing sickness, unwholesomeṛṣi - one who is intent on spiritual practiceṛṣiṇā - by the sageṛta - truth; principle of natural order, cosmic order; divine law, faith, divine truthṛta - true; truly, sincerely; truth in general, righteousness; right, duly, properly; fit, aptṛtaṃbharā - bearing the truth in one's self; intellect or knowledge which contains the truth in itselfṛtu - any settled point of time, fixed time, time appointed for any action; an epoch, period; season; the menstrual dischargerūḍha - springing up; grown, produced fromrūp - to form, figure, representrūpa - any outward appearance or phenomenon or colour; form, shape, figure; aggregate; ‘formed or composed of’, ‘consisting of’rūpatva - character; the state of having form or figurerūta - cry ofback to topsa - this; with, together or along withśabdādi - the objects of the senses beginning with soundśabdānuśāsana - word-instruction or explanation; science of grammar dealing with the formation of words, their accents, and use in a sentencesabīja - with seedsad - sit upon or in or at; to sit down before, besiege, lie in wait for, watchsadā - alwayssādh - to go straight to any goal or aim, attain an object, to be successful, succeed, prosper; to bring straight to an object or end, further, promote, advance, accomplish, complete, finishsādhaka - efficient, someone who follows a particular sādhanasādhana - means to accomplish; leading straight to a goal; guiding well; furthering; propitiation, worship, adorationsādhāraṇatvā - commonsādharmya - community or equality of duty or office or properties, sameness or identity of nature, likeness or homogeneousness withsādhayat - perfecting, accomplishingśādhi - just instructsādhu - leading straight to a goal, hitting the mark, unerring; a holy man, saint, sage, seersādhya - to be accomplished or effected; to be formed; practicable, feasible, attainable; to be proved or demonstrated; to be substantiated or made good; to be inferred or concluded; to be subdued or mastered, subduable, to be conquered, conquerablesaguṇa - with attributes, qualities; with formsaha - accompanysahabhuva - accompanyingsahakāra - assistance; acting withsahasrāra - thousand-spoked; a kind of cavity said to be found in the top of the head and to resemble a lotus reversedsahavāsa - dwelling togetherśaighrya - swiftness, rapidity, velocitysākāra - having form, having any shape or definite figuresakriya - having action, active, mutable, movable, migratorysākṣāt - directly seeingsākṣitva - the office of any legal witness, evidence, testimony, attestationśakta - able, competent for, equal to, capable ofśakya - able, possible, practicable, capable of being,śāla - being in a house; an enclosure, court, fence, rampart, wallśalabhāsana - locust posesālamba - having anything as a support; with supportsālambana - supporting; belonging to or connected withsalilavat - like watersamā - equal, constant; fair, impartial towards; like to or identical with; to fix or settle firmlyśama - tranquillity, calmness, rest, equanimity, quietude or quietism, absence of passion; alleviation of disease, convalescence; sāma veda - ‘Veda of chants’; one of the three principal veda; it contains a number of verses or stanzas nearly all of which occur in the Ṛg-veda and which, modified in various ways, are chanted, mostly, by the udgātṛ priests at soma sacrificessamādhi - putting together; communion; absorption; combining; integrationsamāhita - one who has collected his thoughts, devout, steadfast, firmsamākhyāta - completely or fully related; reckoned up, enumerated; proclaimed or declared to besāman - force or power of articulation; the faculty of uttering sounds; a metrical hymn or song of praise, a particular kind of sacred text or verse called a sāmansamāna - digestive air, middle breath; alike, similar, equalsamanvayāt - regular succession or order, connected sequence or consequence, conjunction, mutual or immediate connection; in consequence ofsāmānya - general, generic, not specific, alike, similarsamāpatti - unity; coming together, meeting, encountering; falling into any state or condition, getting, becomingsamāpta - completely obtained or attained or reached, concluded, completed, finished, endedsamāpti - conclusionsamāsatas - in a summary manner, succinctly, conciselysamasthiti - constancy; equanimityśamatha - quiet, tranquillity, absence of passion; a counsellor, ministersamatvam - equanimity; equality with; uniform conduct towards; equableness, normal conditionsamaveta - come together, met toge- ther, met, closely united, mixed, mingled, blended, collected, assembled, intimately connected with or related to, intimately united or inherentsamavṛtti - equal movementsamaya - circumstances; appointed or proper time; agreement; regulatesaṃbandha - connection, binding or joining together, close union or association; relationship, fellowship, friendship, intimacy withsaṃbhava - production, springing up, arising, existence; cause, reason, occasionsambhūta - become, born, produced or arisen or proceeding from, made or composed of; one in whom anything has arisensaṃbodha - understandingsaṃcita - piled together, heaped up, gathered, collected, accumulatedsaṃdhā - to place or hold or put or draw or join or fasten or fix or sew together, unite; to bring together, reconcile;saṃgraha - compilation; abridgment; epitome, summary, abridgment, compendium; a catalogue, list; seizing, grasping; taking; storing, accumulation, gathering, collectingsaṃgṛhītatvā - connection; held togethersaṃhananatvā - robustnesssaṃhāra - destruction; contraction, drawing in; conclusionsaṃhatya - joined, combined together withsaṃhitā - collection; placed together; joined or connected; relating to, concerning; connected with, proceeding fromsamīkṣā - complete investigation; thorough or close inspection, perceiving, beholding; view, opinion in regard tosāmīpya - neighbourhood, nearness, proximitysamīrita - sent forth, uttered; stirred, movedsaṃjaya - name of the charioteer of king Dhṛtarāṣṭra; conquest, victory; a kind of military arraysaṃjñā - to acknowledge, recognize, own; to acknowledge or claim as one's own, take possession ofsaṃjñita - made known, communicated; called, named, termed; apprised by a sign or gesturesaṃkalpa - will, volition, desire, purpose, definite intentionsaṃkalpaka - determining, deciding, purposing; it is deliberativesaṃkara - completely mixed, mixing together, commingling, intermixturesāṃkhya - enumeration; a numbersāṃkhya kārikā - a collection of 72 verses or stanzas by Īśvara Kṛṣṇa; the oldest extant systematic exposition of the Sāṃkhya systemsaṃkīrṇā - interspersed, intermixed; poured together, mixed, commingled; joined or combined withsaṃkīrtana - संकीर्तनsaṃkṣipta - abbreviated, contracted, condensedsaṃmoha - bewilderment; stupefaction; insensibility, unconsciousness; folly, illusion of mindsaṃmūḍha - stupefied, unconscious, senseless; Infatuated, foolishsaṃnidhi - in the presencesaṃnyāsa - renunciation; a life stagesaṃpat - perfection, destinysampanna - fallen or turned out well, accomplished, effected, perfect, excellent; of perfect or correct flavour, palatable, dainty; endowed or furnished with, possessed ofsaṃpradāya - convention; tradition, established doctrine transmitted from one teacher to another, traditional belief or usagesaṃprajñāta - distinguished, discerned, known accurately; completely known; total knowingsāmpratakāla - the present timesaṃprayoga - total joining togethersaṃsāra - course, passage, passing through a succession of states, circuit of mundane existence, transmigration, metempsychosis, the world, secular life, worldly illusion; going or wandering through, undergoing transmigrationsaṃsarga - commingling, combining; mixture or union together, commixture, blending, conjunction, connection, contact, association, society, sexual union, intercourse withsaṃśaya - uncertainty, irresolution, doubt, scruple, misgiving, suspicionsāṃsiddhika - effected naturally, belonging to nature, natural, native, innate; self-existent, existing by its own nature or essence, existing absolutely, absolutesaṃskāra - tendencies, psychological imprint, mental impression, habitual potency; making sacred, hallowing, consecration, making ready, preparation; a sacred or sanctifying ceremonysaṃtoṣa - satisfaction; contentedness withsamudaya - coming together, union, junction, combination, collection, assemblage, multitude, aggregation, aggregate; the aggregate of the constituent elements or factors of any being or existence (in later times equivalent to ‘existence’ itself)saṃvedana - to fully experience; completely knowingsaṃvega - ardour; excitement; vehemence, intensity, high degree; desire of emancipationsaṃvid - an understandingsāmya - equality, evenness, equilibrium, equipoise, equal or normal state; likeness, sameness, identity withsaṃyama - complete restraintsaṃyoga - conjunction, combination, connection; union or absorption with or in; applying one's self closely to, being engaged in, undertaking; a conjunct consonant, combination of two or more consonantssaṃdhi - junction, connection; containing a conjunction or transition from one to the other; euphonic junction of final and initial letters in grammarsaṅga - sticking, clinging to, touch, contact with; company, association, friendship, friendly intercourse; coming together, joining; meeting, union, confluence; attachment, fondness, desire; to cohabit, have sexual intercourse with;saṃgha - any collection or assemblage, heap, multitude, quantity, crowd, host, number; a multitude of sages; a host of enemies; the whole community or collective body or brotherhood of monkssaṅghāta - assemblage, multitude, heap, quantity; association, combinationśaṅkara - an 8th-century Indian Vedic scholar and teachersaṅkrānta - gone or come together, met together, passed through or into, entered into, gone from one point to another, transferred; depictedsaṃskṛta - ancient indic languagesaṃtāna - coherence, connection, transitionsapta - sevensaptadaśa - consisting of seventeen; connected with seventeen; having seventeen attributessaptadhā - sevenfoldsaptama - the seventhsaptati - seventyśarada - autumnśaraṇāgati - approach for protectionsarasvatī - name of the goddess of eloquence and learning; speech or the power of speech, eloquence, learning wisdomsarga - emission or creation of matter, primary creation, creation of the world; a created being, creature; letting go, discharging, voidingsarpa - a snake, serpent, serpent-demonsarūpa - having the same shape or form, uniform, similar, like, resemblingsārūpya - conformity with, sameness or similarity of form, identity of appearance, resemblance, likenesssarva - whole, entire, all, every one; altogether, wholly, completely, in all parts, everywheresarvaguṇa - valid through all parts; ‘reaching to all subordinate parts’, hence ‘valid throughout’sarvaguṇasampanna - endowed with every excellence, gifted with every good qualitysarvāṅgāsana - all parts posturesarvathā - in every way, at all timesṣaṣṭa - sixth; the sixtiethṣaṣṭi - sixtyṣaṣṭitantra - the doctrine of 60 conceptions or ideassat - that which really is, entity or existence, essence, the true being or really existent; that which is good or real or true, good, advantage, reality, truthśata - one hundred (used with other numerals)satas - equally, likesati - beingsatī - name of a of the goddess Durgā or Umā personified as a wife of Śivaṣaṭka - consisting of six; a hexad or aggregate of sixsatkāra - kind treatment, honour, favour, reverence; care, attention, consideration of or regard for a thingṣaṭkarma - six actions, six cleansingssatkārya - that which is effected, the necessary existence of an effect; deserving of honour or hospitalitysatkārya vāda - the doctrine of the actual existence of an effect (in its cause)sattva - clarity; the quality of transparency or purity; luminous; honesty; the quality of goodness; material or elementary substance, entity, matter; nature, disposition of mind; being, existence, entity, realitysatya - truthful; honesty; sincere; genuine; actualsaukarya - easiness of performance, practicability, facility; adroitness; easy preparation of food or medicinesaumanasya - open-mindednesssāvayava - having parts, composed of partssavicārā - unrefined subtle reflectionsavijñāna - endowed with right understandingsavikalpa - recognizing a distinction as that of subject and object, or of the knower and the known; possessing variety or admitting of distinctions; differentiatedsavitarkā - unrefined gross deliberationśaya - lying, sleeping, resting, abiding; a bed, couch; a snakeśabda - words, sound, languageśaithilya - decrease; looseness; relaxationśakti - power, energy; ability, capability; strength; might, effortśamana - palliating, allayingśānta - quiescent; appeased, pacified, tranquil, calm, free from passions, undisturbed; abated, subsided, ceased, stopped, extinguished, averted; gentle, mild, friendly, kind, auspiciousśānti - tranquillity, peace, quiet, peace or calmness of mind, absence of passion, averting of pain; any expiatory or propitiatory rite for averting evil or calamityśarīra - the body, bodily frame, solid parts of the bodyṣaṣ - sixśāsana - teachings; doctrine; instruction, discipline; teaching, instructing, an instructorśāstra - precept, rules, manual, compendium, book or treatiseśauca - cleanlinessśava - corpse, dead bodyśavāsana - corpse poseśeṣa - remainder, that which remains or is left, leavings, residue, surplus, balance, the restśikṣaṇa - teaching, instruction in; the act of learning, acquiring knowledgeśīla - character, nature; habit, custom, usage, natural or acquired way of living or acting, practice, conduct, disposition, tendencyśiṣya - to be taught; scholar, pupil, discipleśītalī - coolingśloka - type of verse metreśodhana - cleansing, refining, purifyingśraddhā - having faith, believing in, trusting, faithful, having confidenceśrāvaṇa - hearingśravika - heard spiritual teachingsśrī - blessedśrotra - sense of hearing; earśruta - oral transmissionśuci - pureśuddha - pure, cleansed, cleared, clean, clear, free fromśūnya - empty, voidśvāsa - breathing or aspiration; hissing, snorting, panting; affection of the breath, hard breathing, asthmaśī - sleepingsiddha - accomplished one; admitted to be true or right, established, settled, proved; a kind of medicinal plant or rootsiddhi - accomplishment, performance, fulfilment, attainment, success; the hitting of a mark; coming into force, validity; any unusual skill or faculty or capability; the acquisition of supernatural powers by magical means or the faculty so acquiredsidh - to turn out well or auspiciously; to be accomplished or fulfilled or effected or settled, be successful, succeed; to attain one's aim or object, have successśikṣ - to learn, acquire knowledge, study, practise, learn from; to practise one's self in; to offer one's service to, enter the service ofśikṣā - desire of being able to effect anything, wish to accomplish; learning, study, knowledge, art, skill in; teaching, training, instruction, lesson, precept; the science which teaches proper articulation and pronunciation of Vedic textsśīrṣa - the head; upper part, tip, topśīrṣāsana - the head posturesītkārī - siv - to sew, sew on, darn, stitch, stitch togetherśiva - the auspicious one; name of of the disintegrating or destroying and reproducing deity; third god of the hindu trinityśiva saṃhitā - collection or proceeding as if from śiva; the compendium of śivaskandha - the shoulder; upper part of the back or region from the neck to the shoulder-joint; the stem or trunk of a tree; the five objects of senseśleṣman - phlegm, mucus, rheum, the phlegmatic humour; lime, gluesmaraṇa - the act of remembering or calling to mind, remembrance, reminiscence, recollection of; mental recitation (of the name of a deity), calling upon the name of a godsmaya - conceitsmṛ - to remember, recollect, bear in mind, call to mind, think of, be mindful of; to hand down memoriter, teach, declare; to recitesmṛti - remembrance; memory; mindfulness; the whole body of sacred tradition or what is remembered by human teachers and constantly revisedsneha - affection, kindness; filial love or affectionṣoḍaśaka - consisting of sixteen, aggregate of sixteensoma - moon; plant; an extract; a godsparśa - touch; any quality which is perceptible by touching any objectśraiṣṭhya - superiority, preeminence amongśreṣṭha - better, more, distinguished, superior, better than; most excellent, best, first, chief; most auspicious or salutary; śreyas - better state, better fortune or condition; auspicious; preferable; rather thansṛj - to emit, pour forth, shed, cause to flow; letting loose, emitting, discharging; producing, creating, begetting; create, procreate, produce, begetsrotas - the current or bed of a river, a river, stream, torrent; an aperture in the human or animal body; an organ of sensesṛṣṭi - creationśruti - hearing , listening; the ear, organ or power of hearing; that which is heard or perceived with the ear; sacred eternal sounds or words as heard by sages, differing from smṛti or what is only remembered and handed down in writing by authorsstambha - suspension; stoppage, obstruction, suppressionsteya - practice of stealing; something that can be stolenstha - standing, staying, abiding, being situated in; existing, or being in, or on, or amongsthā - to stand, stand firmly, station one's self, stand upon, get upon, take up a position on; to stay, remain, continue in any condition or action; to remain occupied or engaged in, be intent upon, make a practice of, keep on, persevere in any actsthairya - steadfastness, steadinesssthāna - site, place; being fixed or stationarysthānin - high positionsthāṇu - a stump, stem, trunk, stake, post, pile, pillarstheya - to be stationed or fixed or settled; to be stayed or remained in; to be fixed onsthira - steady, firm, not wavering or tottering; fixed, immovable, motionless, still, calmsthiti - staying or remaining or being in any state or condition; continuance in being, maintenance of life, continued existencesthūla - gross, tangible, material; large, thick, stout, massive, bulky, big, hugestotra - ode, eulogy, hymn of praise; texts or verses which are sungstyāna - dullness; thickness; rigiditysu - good, excellent, right, virtuousśubha - auspicious, fortunate, prosperous; good, righteous, virtuous, honest; pleasant, agreeable, suitable, fit, capable, usefulśubhāśraya - auspicious object; that which elevatesśuddhi - cleansing; purification; purity; holiness; freedom from defilement; purificatory riteśudh - to purify; become or be pure; to be cleared or cleansed or purified, become puresukha - pleasure; happiness; agreeable; ease; comfortable; pleasantsukhāsana - a comfortable seat; easy postureśukla - light, bright, white, of a white colour, pure, unsulliedsukṛta - a good or righteous deed, meritorious act, virtue, moral merit; well done or made or formed or executedsūkṣma - minute, small, fine, thin; acute, subtle, keen; an atom, intangible matter; the subtle all-pervading spirit, Supreme Soulsūkta - well or properly said or recited; song of praise; a Vedic hymnsukumāratara - more delicate; more modestsupta - lain down, supinesupta pādāṅguṣṭhāsana - lying holding big toe posturesūrya - the sun or its deity; a symbolical expression for the number ‘twelve’; one of the original Vedic triad; in later mythology Sūrya is identified with Savitṛ as one of the 12 Ādityas or emblems of the Sunsūrya bhedana - sun piercingsusaṃskṛta - beautifully adorned or decorated; well cooked or prepared; a sacred text or preceptśuṣka - dried, dried up, dry, arid, parched, shrivelled, emaciated, shrunk, witheredsuśruta - name of the author of a system of medicinesuśruta saṃhitā - an ancient Sanskrit text on medicinesuṣumnā - arterysūtra - a short sentence or aphoristic rule; a thread, yarn, string, line, cord, wire; that which like a thread runs through or holds together everything, rule, direction; a measuring line; the sacred thread or cord worn by the first three classessva - own; one's self, one's own, my own, thy own, his own, her own, our own, their ownsvabhāva - innate or inherent disposition; own condition or state of beingsvaccha - very transparent or clear, pellucid, crystalline; puresvadharma - own highest dutysvādhīnatā - subjection to one's self, independence, freedomsvādhiṣṭhāna - ones own placesvādhyāya - to study; to read; sacred recitation; study of the selfsvakṛta - done or performed or built or composed or created or fixed by one's self; a deed done by one's selfsvāmin - an owner, proprietor, master, lord or owner ofśvan - dog, houndsvapna - dreaming, a dream; sleep, sleeping; sleepiness, drowsiness; sleeping too much, sloth, indolencesvara - tone, accent or musical note in recitationsvarita - caused to sound, sounded, having an accent, accentuatedsvārthe - one's own affair or cause, personal matter or advantage, self-interestsvarūpa - own character; own form or shape; own condition, peculiarity, character, natureśvas - to breathe, respire, draw breath; to blow, hiss, pant, snort; to sigh, groansvastha - self abiding, being in one's natural state; being one's self, contented, doing well, sound, well, healthy; relying upon one's self, confident, resolute, composed; self-sufficient, independentsvāsthya - self-dependence, sound state, health, ease, comfort, contentment, satisfactionsvatantra - self-dependence, independence, self-willsvātmārāma - name of an authorsyãt - could be, it may be, perhaps, perchancesyuḥ - ought to be; should be; areback to toptad - that, thistadā - then, from that time forward, at any time whentaḍāka - a tank, pooltaḍāka-mudrā - tank sealtāḍāsana - palm tree pose; mountain posetadvat - having or containing that; like that, thus, sotaijasa - originating from or consisting of lighttairyagyona - of animal origintaittirīya - a partridge; pupils of tittiritaittirīya āraṇyaka - an āraṇyaka of the taittirīyataittirīya brāhmaṇa - Brāhmaṇa of the school of Tittri; a commentary on the Krishna Yajurveda; an appendix or extension of the Taittirīya Samhitataittirīya saṃhitā - the saṃhitā of the taittirīya i.e. the black Yajurveda; Seven books of hymns and mantra. Includes Brahmana and Anukramani (index) sections; One of four total Samhitas of the Krishna YajurVeda.taittirīya upaniṣad - the upaniṣad of the taittirīyatālavya - palatal; relating to the palatetamas - obscuring; mental darkness, ignorance, illusion, error; deprived of the eye's light or sight; darkness, gloomtāmasa - appertaining to or affected by the quality tamas; ignorant, various; darknesstāmisra - darkness; the dark half of the month; indignation, angertan - to be protracted, continue, endure; to stretch, extend or bend, spread, spin out, weavetanmātra - thatness, only that; a rudimentary or subtle element;tantra - a loom; depending on, framework; doctrine, rule, theory; a class of works teaching magical and mystical formulariestāntrika - taught in a scientific manual; one completely versed in any science or system; taught in the Tantra; a follower of the Tantra doctrinetanu - thin, slender, attenuated, emaciated, small, little, minute, delicate, finetap - to heat, to burn; to be hot; to suffer paintāpa - craving; heat; afflictiontapas - to heat; religious austerity; self-discipline; pain, sufferingtārā - a fixed star; a kind of meteor; the pupil of the eye; a Rāga of six notestāraka - liberatingtārāvalī - a multitude of starstark - to reflect, think of, recollect, have in one's mindtarka - conjecture; reasoning, speculation, inquiry; logic, confutation; system or doctrine founded on speculation or reasoning, philosophical system (esp. the Nyāya system, but applicable also to any of the six Darśanatāsām - of thesetasmai - to thattasmāt - from that, on that account, thereforetasmin - in thistasya - its, of it, of thistat - that, thistatas - hence, from thattathā - so, like, after that manner.tatra - in that place, there; thither, to that place; in that, therein, in that case, on that occasion, under those circumstances, then, thereforetattva - principle; thatness; a true principle; true or real state, truth, reality; the essence or substance of anything; the being that; an element or elementary propertytayoḥ - of bothte - these, of thee, they, thosetebhyaḥ - from these; from thosetejas - glow; glare; splendour; brilliance; light elementtejasvin - brilliant, splendid, bright, powerful, energetic; inspiring respect, dignified, nobletena - in that manner, thusteṣām - of those, amongst them; all of themtirodhā - concealment, secrecy; to cover, conceal, hide; to hide one's self from; to set aside, remove, conquertiṣṭhati - to subsist; abide; stay; reside; sit; stop; dwelltīvra - strong, pervading; intense, sharp, acute; sharpness, pungencytrāsa - fear, terror, anxiety; a flaw in a jeweltrāṭakam - fixing the eyes on an objecttraya - the three, triple, threefold, consisting of 3, of 3 kindstrayodaśavidha - of thirteen kindstri - threetridhā - in 3 ways, in 3 parts, in 3 placestrikālam - the 3 times; relating to themtrividha - three foldtṛṣ - to be thirsty, to wishtṛṣṇā - thirst; desire, aviditytṛtīye - for the third timetu - moreover; buttūla - cottontulya - samenessturīya - constituting the fourth parttuṣ - be content, be satisfied or pleased with any one;tuṣṭi - satisfaction, contentmenttvak - sense of touching; skin; cinnamon;tvam - thou, thy, yourstyāga - forsaken; abandonment, desertion; quitting; giving up, sacrifice, renunciationtyaktvā - having left; having abandonedback to topubhaya - bothucyate - be spoken or said, or told, or utteredud - a particle and prefix to verbs and nouns; up, upwards; over, above; out, out of, from, off, away from, apartudāna - upward airudāra - aroused; exciting, effecting; active, energetic; rising fog or vapourudara - the belly, abdomen, stomach, bowels; the wombudāsīna - sitting apart, indifferent, free from affection; a stranger, neutral; one who is neither friend nor foeudātta - acute accent, high pitch; lifted upraised, elevated; the acute accent, a high or sharp toneudaya - arising; going up, rising; swelling up; coming forth, becoming visible, appearance, developmentudbhava - becoming visible; springing from, growing; existence, generation, origin, production, birth; birth-placeuddīp - to flame, blaze up, be kindled; to animate, excite, irritate, provokeuddiṣṭā - mentioned, particularized, specially told; described; said to beuddiśya - stipulating for, demanding; aiming at, in the direction of, with reference to; towards; with regard to, for, for the sake of, in the name ofuḍḍīyāna - flying upuḍḍīyana bandha - flying up binding; abdominal lockudita - uprisen, risen, ascended; spoken to, addressed; communicated, proclaimed, declared; taught, handed downudvega - trembling, waving, shaking; agitation, anxiety; regret, fear, distressūha - consideration, deliberation, examination; supposition, conclusion, inference; the act of comprehending, conceivingujjāyī - upwards victoryukrānti - going aboveukta - it is saidukti - sentence, proclamation, speech, expression, word; a worthy speech or wordunmanas - excited or disturbed in mind, perplexedupa - (a preposition or prefix to verbs and nouns, expressing) towards, near to; by the side of, with, together with, under, down; with, together with, at the same time with, according toupādāna - cause, motive, material cause; material of any kind; the act of taking for one's self, appropriating to one's self; grasping at or clinging to existenceupadeśa - instruction, teachingupādeya - to be taken or received; to be chosen or selected, excellent, admirable;upādhyāya - a teacher, preceptor; a female teacherupadiṣṭa - taught, instructedupadiśya - having indicated or taught; indicating, teachingupahata - injured, impaired, evilly affected by; struck by lightning; pained, hurt; destroyed; infected, polluted, vitiated; impure; agitated in mind, mentally affected as by passionupakāra - help, assistance, benefit, service, favour; to be of service to anotherupakārin - helping, serving, beneficial, assisting, doing a favourupalabdhi - apprehensionupamā - comparison, resemblance, equality, similarityupāṃśu - secretly, in secret; in a low voice, in a whisper; a prayer uttered in a low voice; inaudibleupanimantraṇa - invitationupaniṣat - to sit down near to; esoteric doctrine; a class of philosophical writingsupaprāṇa - a secondary vital air belonging to the bodyuparāga - the act of dyeing or colouring; a variation in the musical modeuparakta - dyed, coloured, coloured red; heated, inflameduparama - cessation, stopping, expiration; leaving off, desisting, giving up; deathupāsana - stay near, worship; the act of sitting or being near or at hand; a seat; homage, adoration, worship;upasarga - impediments; misfortune, trouble, a natural phenomenon; a disease superinduced on another; additionupaṣṭambhaka - strengthening; stimulation; excitingupastha - generative organ, the act of procreationupasthāna - appearupaviṣṭa - seated, sittingupaviṣṭa koṇāsana - seated, sitting angle postureupaviśya - having sat down, sitting downupāya - approach, coming near; that by which one reaches one's aim, a means, way, stratagem, craftupe - to go or come or step near, approachupekṣā - disinterest, overlooking, disregard, indifferenceūrdhva - upwards, towards the upper part; aloof, aboveūrdhva mukha śvānāsana - upward facing dog poseūrdhva prasṛta pādāsana - upward extended leg postureūrdhvamukha - having the mouth or opening turned upwards, turned upwardsūrmi - a wave, billow; 'the waves of existence'uṣ - to burn, burn downuttarāṅga - descent; last part; the last sound of combined consonantsutkaṭa - intenseutkaṭāsana - Standing Squat Poseutkrama - going up or out; going astray, acting improperly, deviation, transgression; out of order; inverted orderutpanna - risen, gone up; arisen, born, produced; come forth, appearedutpatti - arising, birth, production, origin;utsarga - pouring out, pouring forth, emission, dejection, excretion, voiding by stooluttama - most elevated, principal; uppermost, highest, chief; best, excellentuttāna - stretched out; spread out; lying on the back; sleeping supinely or with the face upwardsuttānāsana - standing intense stretch or forward bend postureuttara - other; later, following, subsequent, latter, concluding, followed by; posteriorutthita - extended; rising (from a seat), stand; extended; elevateduttiṣṭha - get up; stand upuvāca - to speakback to topvā - orvāc - the act of speaking; utter a soundvac - to speak, say, tell, utter, announce, declare, mention, proclaim, recite, describevācaka - expression; verbal , expressed by words; speaking, saying, telling anything; a significant sound, word; a messengervacana - the act of speaking , utterance; statement, declarationvācika - verbal, effected or caused by words, consisting in words, communicated by speech; a verbal commission or messagevāda - a thesis, proposition, argument, doctrine; speaking, saying; causing to sound, playingvadanti - they sayvadhā - a defect, imperfectionvahana - bearing, carrying, conveying; vehiclevāhī - continuous; carrying; bearing; flowsvāhitā - flowvai - a particle of emphasis and affirmation, generally placed after a word and laying stress on itvaidika - relating to the Veda, derived from or conformable to the Veda, prescribed in the Veda, Vedic, knowing the Veda; a Vedic passage; a Vedic preceptvaidya - versed in science, learned; relating or belonging to the Veda; medical, medicinal, practising or relating to medicine; an expert, skilled in the art of healing, a physicianvaikalya - imperfection, weakness, defectiveness, defect, frailtyvaikharī - the faculty of speech or the divinity presiding over it; speech in the fourth of its four stages from the first stirring of the air or breath, that utterance of sounds or words consisting of full and intelligible sentences; a type of Prāṇāyāmavaikṛta - modified, derivative, secondary; undergoing change, subject to modificationvaikṛtika - subject to change; changed, incidental; a production or evolved principlevaira - animosityvairāgya - dispassion, disinclination, detachment, non-attachment; indifference to worldly objects and to lifevaiṣamya - difficulty, trouble, distress, calamity; solitariness, singleness; inequality, oddness, diversity, disproportionvaiśāradya - maturationvaiśeṣika - the later of the two great divisions of the Nyāya school of philosophy (it was founded by Kaṇāda, and differs from the ‘Nyāya’ founded by Gautama, in propounding only seven categories or topics instead of sixteenvaiṣṇava - relating or belonging or devoted or consecrated to Viṣṇuvaiśvarūpya - manifoldness, multiplicity, diversityvaitṛṣṇya - quenching of thirst, freedom from desire, indifference tovajra - ‘the hard or mighty one’, adamantine, a diamond; a thunderbolt; a kind of column or pillarvajrāsana - thunderbolt or diamond posturevakra - crooked, curved, bent, tortuous, twisted, wry, obliquevakṣyāmi - I shall explainvākya - वाक्यvallī - vine; a creeper, creeping plant, creepers with stems spreading on the ground; name of the sections of particular Upaniṣadvama - vomiting, ejecting, giving outvāma - the left side; acting in the opposite way or differentlyvanaprastha - retiring into a forest; living the life of an anchorite; a life stagevaraṇa - surrounding, enclosingvaraṇaka - covering, covering over, concealingvarṇa - type; order; colour; classvārtā - smellingvārttā - talking or talk about; an account of anything that has happened; practising any business or professionvas - to dwell, live, stop; to remain, abide with or in; to remain or keep on or continue in any condition; to shine, grow bright; to bestow by shining uponvaśa - will, wish, desire; willing, submissive, obedient, subject to or dependent onvāsanā - latent impressions; the impression of anything remaining unconsciously in the mind; the act of perfumingvaśīkāra - masteryvaśitva - subjection, control; bewitching, fascinating; the supernatural or magical power of subduing others to one's own will; self-command.vasti - the pelvis; the belly below the navel; lower abdomen; the bladder; a bag made of bladder; abiding, dwelling, stayingvastu - any really existing or abiding substance or essence, thing, objectvaśyatā - controlvat - an affix added to words to imply likeness or resemblance, and generally translatable by ‘as’, ‘like’vāta - wind principlevatsa - a calf, the young of any animal, offspring, childvaya - agevāyava - relating or belonging to the wind or airvāyu - wind; air elementveda - sacred lorevedana - touch, sensation, feeling; perception, knowledgevedāṅga - limbs of the Vedavedanīya - experiencedvedānta - conclusion of the sacred lorevega - outbreak, outburst, excitement, agitationveṣṭana - the act of surrounding or encompassing or enclosing or encircling; anything that surrounds or wrapsvibhāga - distinctionvibhakta - parted, separated; one who has received his sharevibhrāj - to shine forth, be bright or radiantvibhūti - special manifestation; super-natural; extra-ordinary, superhuman power (either perpetual or transient, consisting, according to some, of the following eight: aṇiman, laghiman, mahiman, prāpti, prākāmya, vaśitva, īśitva, kāmāvasāyitva)vibudha - wise or learned man, teacher; destitute of learned menvicāra - subtle or special reflectionviccheda - cutting asunder, cleaving, piercing, breaking, dividing, separation; interruption, discontinuance, cessation; caesura, pause in a versevicchinna - inconsistent, interrupted, disconnected, incoherent; cut or torn or split or cleft or broken asundervicitra - variegated, many-coloured, motley, brilliant; manifold, various, diverse; manifoldly, variouslyvid - to know, understand, perceive, be conscious of, have a correct notion ofvideha - discarnate, without body; bodiless, incorporealvidhā - to distribute, apportion, grant, bestow; to furnish, supply, procure; to spread, diffuse; to put in order, arrange, dispose, prepare, make ready; to put or lay on or in, direct towardsvidhāraṇā - retaining; detainingvidhi - a worshipper, one who does homage; a rule, formula, injunction, ordinance, statute, precept, law, direction;any prescribed act or rite or ceremony; method, manner or way of acting, mode of life, conduct, behaviourvidvāṃs - wise personvidyā - any knowledge whether true or false; knowledge of the soul or spiritual knowledge; true knowledge; science, learning, scholarship, philosophyvighāta - destruction, ruin; removal, prohibition, prevention, interruptionvigraha - keeping apart or asunder, isolation; individual form or shape, form, figure, the bodyvihāra - recreation; sport, play, pastime, diversion, enjoyment, pleasure; going about for pleasure or exercise, roaming, strolling; taking out for a walk or for airing; walking for pleasure or amusementviharaṇa - stepping out; moving to and fro, brandishing;vihita - destined or meant for; prescribed, decreed, enjoinedvijaya - contest for victory, victory, conquest, triumph, superiority; vijñāna - special knowing; the act of distinguishing or discerning, understanding, comprehending, recognizing, intelligence, knowledge; the faculty of discernment or of right judgementvijñānamaya - consisting of special knowingvikalpa - false notion, fancy, imagination; mental occupation; variation, combination, variety, diversity, manifoldness; difference of perception, distinction;vikāra - change of form or nature, alteration or deviation from any natural state, change of bodily or mental condition (esp. for the worse); disease; sickness; hurt; perturbation; emotion; agitationvikaraṇa - without instrumentsvikṛti - changed in nature; changed condition; any production; formation, growth, developmentvikṣepa - distraction, inattention, confusion, perplexity; scattering, dispersion; moving about, to and frovikṣipta - occasionally steady; able to withdraw itself from painful objectsvilakṣaṇa - having different marks, varying in character, different, differing fromvilamba - slownessviloma - against the grainviloma krama - विलोम क्रमviloma ujjāyī - against the grain upwards victoryvimāna - a vehicle or chariot of the gods; any mythical self-moving aerial vehicle; celestial chariot; any car or vehiclevimarda - touch, contact; crushing, bruising, grinding, pounding, rubbing, frictionvimarśana - discussing; investigation; examinationvimocayati - set free; deliver from; liberatevimokṣa - release, deliverance from; liberation;vinā - withoutvinaya - good breeding, propriety of conduct, decency, modesty, mildness; a man of subdued senses; leading, guidance, training, education, discipline, control; taking away, removal, withdrawalvinivartate - ceases to function; disengagesviniyoga - employment, use, application; apportionment, distribution, divisionvinyāsa - special placing; orderly arrangement, disposition, order; putting together, connecting; putting or placing down, entrusting; assemblage, collection, collecting or depositing anything.vinyāsa krama - arrangement in a sequence; special placing step by stepvipāka - results; effect, result, consequence; ripening, maturing; digestion; conversion of food into a state for assimilationviparīta - turned round, reversed, inverted; being the reverse of anything, acting in a contrary manner, opposite, contrary to; going asunder or in different directions, various, differentviparīta karaṇī - reverse formviparyasta - turned over, reversed, opposite, contrary; interchanged, invertedviparyaya - wrong perception, misapprehension, error, mistake; intrinsic misconception; reversed, inverted, perverse, contrary tovipaśyana - right knowledge; special seeingviprakṛṣṭa - distantvīra - a herovīrabhadra - auspicious hero; a warriorvīrabhadrāsana - warrior posevirāga - indifference to external things or worldly objects; passionless, without feeling, dispassionate, excitement, irritation; indifferent; aversion, dislike or indifference to; change or loss of colourvirahita - devoid of, exempt from, bereft of, destitute of, free fromvirāma - cessation, to come to an end; rest, cessation from labour; a small oblique stroke placed under a consonant to denote that it is quiescentvirodha - opposing; opposition, hostility, quarrel, strife between; conflict with; contradiction, contrariety;virūpa - many-coloured, variegated, multiform, manifold, various; difference of form, variety of nature or charactervīrya - vigour, power, potency; heroism, prowess, valourviṣāda - dejection, depression, despondency; despair; lassitude, distress, disappointmentviśāla - abundant in, full of; spacious, extensive, broad, wide, largeviṣamavṛtti - unequal movementviṣayavant - as an objectviśeṣa - distinction, difference between; a kind, species, individual; characteristic difference, peculiar mark, special property, speciality, peculiarityviṣaya - an object of sense; anything perceptible by the senses; any object of affection or concern or attentionviśinaṣṭi - to particularize, individualize, specify, define; make distinct or differentviśiṣṭādvaita - qualified non-dualismviṣṇu - the all-pervader; the preserver; name of one of the principal hindu deities;viśokā - free from sorrow; cessation of sorrow; without sorrowvistīrṇa - spread out, expanded, broad, large, great, copious, numerous; strewn or covered or studded withviśuddhi - special purity; complete purification, purity; rectification, removal of error or doubtviśva - universalviśvāsa - confidence, trust, reliance, faith or belief in; a confidential communication, secretvīta - free from; smoothvitarka - gross deliberation; negative deliberation; negative reasoningvitṛṣṇa - free from desire, not desirous ofvitṛṣṇasya - absence of thirstvivarjita - entirely free or exempt from, withoutvivecana - the act of discrimination, discriminating or distinguishing, reality, the making a distinction; investigation, judgment, decisionviveka - discrimination, discernment; the faculty of distinguishing and classifying things according to their real properties; the power of separating the invisible Spirit from the visible world (or spirit from matter); truth from untruthvivekaja - produced or arising from discriminationvivekin - discernervivṛddhi - growth, increase, augmentation, enlargement, furthering, promotionviyoga - unyoking, separationvṛ - to cover, conceal, hide, keep back, hold captivevrajet - can achievevrata - vowvṛddha - increased, augmented; grown up, full grown, duly expanded; old, aged, advanced in years, ancient, mighty, great, large; accumulated, heaped; wise, learned;vṛdh - to increase, augment, strengthen, cause to prosper or thrive; to be exalted or elevated, feel animated or inspired or excited by; to cause to increase or grow, augment, increase, make larger or longer, heighten, strengthen, further, promotevṛkṣa - tree; the trunk of a tree; any tree bearing visible flowers and fruitvṛkṣāsana - tree posturevṛścika - scorpionvṛt - to move or go on, get along, advance, proceed; take place, occur, be performed, come offvṛtti - fluctuation; modification; turning; set in motion, course of action, behaviour, movement; activity, function; profession, mode of life or conduct, course of action, behaviourvṛtya - to be surrounded or encompassed; to be abided or stayed or remainedvyādhi - disorder, disease, ailmentvyākhyā - explanation, exposition, gloss, commentaryvyākhyātā - explained; that explains or expoundsvyakta - caused to appear, manifested, apparent, visible, evidentvyakti - an individual; specific appearance, distinctness, individuality; visible appearance or manifestation, becoming evident or known or publicvyāna - circulatory air; one of the five vital airs (that which circulates or is diffused through the bodyvyāsa - arranger, compiler, codifiervyavahita - screened from view, concealed, covered; separated, not contiguous or immediately connectedvyavatiṣṭhate - in different roles; appears in different roles; performsvyāyāma - physical exercise; exertion, manly effort, athletic or gymnastic exercise; the act or movement of the body that causes fatiguevyūha - arrangement, placing apart, distribution; orderly arrangement of the parts of a whole;vyutthāna - turned outward; swerving from the right course; rising upvyutthita - strongly excited or agitated; swerving from dutyback to topyā - whoyad - who, which, what, that, whoever, which- ever, whatever, anyyajña - act of worship or devotion; offering, oblation, sacrificeyājñavalkya - an eponymous Vedic sageyajur veda - ‘the sacrificial Veda’, the collective body of sacred Mantras or texts which constitute the Yajur-veda, these Mantra are frequently identical with the Mantra of the Ṛg-vedayajus - religious reverence, veneration, worship, sacrifice; a sacrificial prayer or formula; a technical term for particular Mantra muttered in a peculiar manner at a sacrifice; they were properly in prose and distinguished from the ṛc and sāman vedayam - to hold or keep in, hold back, restrain, check, curb, govern, subdue, controlyama - the act of checking or curbing, suppression, restraint; self-control forbearance, any great moral rule or duty; any rule or observanceyāmuna - name of of an author (also called Yāmunācārya or Yāmunamuni); belonging or relating to the river Yamunāyantra - any instrument for holding or restraining or fastening, a prop, support, barrier; an amulet, mystical diagram supposed to possess occult powersyasmāt - from whichyata - restrained, held in, held forth, kept down or limited, subdued, governed, controlledyathā - according asyāthātmya - real nature or essenceyatna - effort, exertion, energy, zeal, trouble, pains, care, endeavour after; performance, work; activity of will, volition, aspiring afteryatra - to which place, where, wherein, wherever, whither; journeyyatta - attended to, guided; engaged in, intent upon, prepared for, ready to; endeavoured, strivenye - theseyena - whereby, by which, wherefore, on which account, by means of whichyoga - the act of yoking, joining, attaching, harnessing; a yoke, team, vehicle, conveyance; employment, use, application, performance; a means, expedient, device, way, manner, methodyoga rahasya - name of a work by T Krishnamacharya attributed to his forebear Nathamuni as a dedication to his traditionyoga sūtra - aphorisms of the Yoga system of philosophy ascribed to Patañjaliyoga tārāvalī - a 14th-century text on Haṭhayoga consisting of 29 versesyoga yājñavalkya - a pre-10th century yoga text consisting of 12 chapters and containing some 500 versesyogamudrā - Seal of Yoga; A type of Yoga Āsanayogavallī - vine of yoga; commentary on the yoga sūtra by T Krishnamacharyayogyatva - capabilityyogin - a follower of the yoga systemyogyatā - fitness, ability, capability, suitableness, proprietyyoktavya - to be joined or yoked or united; to be concentrated; to be prepared or employed or practised or appliedyuga - an age of the world; long mundane period of yearsyugapad - together, at the same time, simultaneouslyyuj - to yoke, join, fasten, harness; to unite, connect, add, bring togetheryukta - connected; skilful; made use of; yoked or joined or fastened or attached or harnessed to; set to work, made use of, employed, occupied with, engaged in; skilful, clever, experienced in, familiar with; fit, suitable, appropriate, proper, right, establishedyukti - union, junction, connection, combination; preparation, going to, making ready for; reasoning, argument, proof, influence, induction, deduction from circumstances; reason, ground, motiveyuñjāna - the act of uniting, joining, arranging, performing, yoking, fixingyuyutsavaḥ - desiring to fightback to top