Sāṃkhya Kārikā verse 2
दृष्टवदानुश्रविकः स ह्यविशुद्धिक्षयातिशययुक्तः । तद्विपरीतः श्रेयान् व्यक्ताव्यक्तज्ञविज्ञानात् ॥ २॥dṛṣṭavat-ānu-śravikaḥ saḥ hi-aviśuddhi-kṣayā-atiśaya-yuktaḥ | tat-viparītaḥ śreyān vyaktāḥ avyakta-jña-vijñānāt ||
“The usual means to reduce suffering are
linked to impurity, decay and excess.”
Commentaries and Reflections
Commentary by S Ramaswami:
“The Scriptural means is like the perceptible; it is linked with impurity, destruction and surpassability.
Thus the worship of the gods is insufficient. The question of sacrifice raises problems.
Results vary in degree and each may be surpassed by a higher one, thus giving rise to envy and suffering.
This aspect is illustrated by the story of Dilipa and his son Raghu. When Dilipa came to perform his hundredth sacrifice to earn the title ‘Lord of the hundred Sacrifices’ alone held by Indra. Indra schemed and spirited away the sacrificial horse to stop the hundredth ceremony taking place. Eventually a compromise was found.
However, it illustrates the point. What is it then, that is to be sought after?
Knowledge of the evolved, the unevolved and the knower.
As the phenomena and thus causes are non-intelligent, the process must have a purpose. This purpose must relate to an intelligent being that is neither cause nor effect but knows both. Thus comes the knowledge of the knower.
By this discrimination comes the knowledge that suffering is not of the subject and thereby the cessation of suffering.
Thus the knowing experiencing subject is different in nature from the objects of experience which cause pleasure, pain, misery and happiness.
We create an illusion of bondage by incorrect knowledge of the true nature of things. When the true nature of the soul is understood bondage will no longer exisit and the soul will be forever free.
The release and bondage of the soul depend solely upon knowledge and ignorance. Thus the need for the enquiry is established and the central categories of the system can be expounded.”
Commentary by Paul Harvey:
“The usual means to reduce suffering are
linked to impurity, decay and excess.”