Sāṃkhya Kārikā verse 19
तस्माच्च विपर्यासात् सिद्धं साक्षित्वमस्य पुरुषस्य । कैवल्यं माध्यस्थ्यं द्रष्टृत्वमकर्तृभावश्च ॥ १९ ॥tasmāt-ca viparyāsāt siddhaṃ sākṣitvam-asya puruṣasya | kaivalyaṃ mādhyastyaṃ draṣṭṛtvam-akartṛbhāvaḥ ca ||
tasmāt - from that, on that account, thereforeca - andviparyaya - wrong perception, misapprehension, error, mistake; intrinsic misconception; reversed, inverted, perverse, contrary tosiddhi - accomplishment, performance, fulfilment, attainment, success; the hitting of a mark; coming into force, validity; any unusual skill or faculty or capability; the acquisition of supernatural powers by magical means or the faculty so acquiredsākṣitva - the office of any legal witness, evidence, testimony, attestationpuruṣa - contentless consciousness; animating principle; unchanging self; pure consciousness; spirit; a person, man, a human being; peoplekaivalya - independence, freedom, emancipation, solitude, isolation, aloneness, separateness, abstraction, not connected with anything else; uncompounded, unmingledmadhya - moderateness; middle, central, being in the middle or centre; Intervening, intermediate; standing between two, impartial, neutraldraṣṭṛ - seer; one who sees, one who sees wellakartṛ - not an agentbhāva - becoming, being, existing, occurring, appearance; manner of being, nature, temperament, character; any state of mind or body, way of thinking or feeling, sentiment, opinion, disposition, intentionCommentaries and Reflections
Commentary by S Ramaswami:
tasmāt- Therefore
ca- Different from
Therefore something is different from Prakṛti or the three Guṇa.
These qualities are absent in it.
Thus the five reasons that distinguish Puruṣa from Prakṛti and its evolutes.
viparyāsāt-
siddham-
asya-puruṣasya- This Puruṣa has various innate natures.
1) sākṣitvam- One who observes. Merely constantly observing character of being a witness.
2) kaivalyam- Capacity of being free from Citta vṛtti.
3) mādhyastyam- Neutrality. No desire. No preference.
4) draṣṭṛtvam- Percipience, observance. Consciousness Principle (Cit).
5) akartṛbhāvaḥ- Non-productive. No action.